Modern strategies and tools for water saving and drought

LAND and WATER
Resource Management
Modern Strategies and Tools
for Water Saving and Drought Mirigations
in SOUTHERN ITALY
M. TODOROVIC, N. LAMADDALENA, G. TRISORIO-LIUZZI
CIHEAM-IAM Bari,
Italy
1° International Conference on “Drought Management: Scientific and Technological Innovations,
Zaragoza, 12-13 June 2008
Apulia Region (Southern Italy)
Areas sensitive to desertification
(ESAs modified method)
ESAI_R – (with Rainfall Erosivity Index)
Ripartizione della superficie regionale in classi di ESAI_R
0,2%
5,6%
1,2%
12,9%
urbano, corpi idrici
N -non affetta
P - potenziale
F - fragile
C - critica
80,1%
Source: Trisorio Liuzzi, Ladisa and Todorovic, 2005
Source: Todorovic and Steduto, 2001
CWB=P-ETo
Source: Todorovic and Steduto, 2001
Water resources
Apulia and Basilicata:
Water availability and demand in Mm3
PUGLIA (-551 Mm3)
Demand:
¾Potabile 653 Mm3
¾Irriguo 812 Mm3
¾Industriale 226 Mm3
¾Totale 1691 Mm3
Availability:
¾1140 Mm3
BASILICATA (+250 Mm3)
Demand:
¾Potabile 105 Mm3
¾Irriguo 241 Mm3
¾Industriale 12 Mm3
¾Totale 358 Mm3
Availability:
¾688 Mm3 (frequenza 80%)
¾608 Mm3 (frequenza del 90%)
Source: SOGESID
Water resources shared between
Apulia and Basilicata region in Mm3
18
Basilicata potabile
18
S. Giuliano
Basilicata irriguo
Basilicata irriguo
Puglia potabile
Puglia irriguo
3
15
7.5
25
Pertusillo
44
115
M. Cotugno
104
Basilicata potabile
Basilicata irriguo
Puglia potabile
109
Puglia irriguo
Puglia industriale
Water resources transferred from Basilicata to Apulia region
(average values in Mm3)
15
18
18
potabile
irriguo
43
industriale
Total:
271 Mm3
San Giuliano
3
15
7.5
25
44
213
115
104
Pertusillo
Basilicata potabile
Basilicata irriguo
109
Puglia potabile
Puglia irriguo
Puglia industriale
Monte Cotugno
Drought
Area of Bari - Southern Italy:
meteorological drought
in 2001
Monthly rainfall (in mm) - average 1974-2000 vs. year 2001
100
1974-2000
90
2001
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Source: CIHEAM-IAMB Agro-meteorological bulletin 29-30 (2001)
Area of Bari - Southern Italy:
meteorological drought
(combined with precipitation) in 2001
Monthly temperature (in °C) - average 1974-2000 vs. year 2001
30
1974-2000
25
2001
20
15
10
5
0
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Source: CIHEAM-IAMB Agro-meteorological bulletin 29-30 (2001)
Apulia Region - Southern Italy:
hydrological drought
(surface water) in 2001 and 2002
Capacity of
accumulation (Mm3)
Volume of water in million m3
500
450
Volume accumulated
31/01/2001 (Mm3)
400
350
Volume accumulated
31/03/2002 (Mm3)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Occhito
Capacciotti M.Cotugno
Petrusillo P.Fontanelle Basentello
S.Giuliano
Source: Corriere della sera, April 2002
Synthesis of water stress in Southern Italy in 2001-2002
and its consequences on water availability in accumulations
1200
1013,2
Water stress
965,80
1000
800
-631,0
-899,6
600
382,2
400
200
113,6
0
Volume utile
2001
2002
2006
Volume of water accumulated is given as a sum of volumes of 7 main accumulations (in million m3)
Data refers to March 31st of each year.
Mitigation
options
SUPPLY
SUPPLYSIDE
SIDE
Surface
Surface
water
water
DEMAND
DEMANDSIDE
SIDE
Domestic
Domesticuse
use
Natural
Natural
resources
resources
Consumptive
Consumptive
use
use
Ground
Ground
water
water
Industry
Industry
INTEGRATED
WATER
MANAGEMENT
Navigation
Navigation
Brackish
Brackish
water
water
Waste
Waste
water
water
Other
Other
water
water
Agriculture
Agriculture
NonNonconventional
conventional
resources
resources
NonNonconsumptive
consumptive
use
use
Hydropower
Hydropower
generation
generation
Aquatic
Aquatic
environment
environment
Recreation
Recreation
Source: Todorovic and Hamdy, 2001
Watershed
Water courses
network
Meteorological
stations
Hydrometric
stations
monitoring
monitoring
inflows/supply
accumulation
Estimation of inflow/outflow
Water availability
monitoring
Outflows/demand
Water
delivery network
Water
distribution network
Monitoring
of discharges
(water losses)
Estimation of water demands
Domestic
water use
Agricultural
water use
Industrial
water use
demand
Monitoring of consumption
Source: Todorovic, 2006
WATER SUPPLY/DEMAND CHAIN:
INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR WATER SAVING IN IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE
Source of water
Water demand
Group of sectors and
water delivery network
District
Water management
scaling down
Agricultural management
scaling up
Group of farms, group of hydrants
and delivery network branch
Sector
Water management
scaling down
Agricultural management
scaling up
Canopy - Field
One farm & one hydrant
Water management
scaling down
Agricultural management
scaling up
Plant
Water supply
Scaling-down
from Consortium to irrigation district
and farm scale
consortium
comprensorio
districts
crops
Pcoef
Kc
Kc*ETo
ETc
ETc-Peff+LR
Irrigation
methods
Rainfall
P
ETo
T
Peff
yes
yes
New
New
scenario
scenario
NIR
Qmax
IRRc
NIR/IRRc
Pcoef*P
GIR
WD2
WD
Irrigation
module
V_total
WD1
Application of the global assessment strategy
for identification of water deficit areas
400000
V_Total
350000
Qmax
Water demand (m3/dec)
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
april
I
april
II
april
III
may
I
may
II
may
III
june
I
june
II
june
III
july
I
july
II
july
III
aug.
I
aug.
II
aug.
III
sept.
I
(Qmax - maximum flow rate of water distribution network permitting satisfactory
working pressure at the outlets;
V_Total - total volume of water available for irrigation over an irrigation season)
sept. sept.
II
III
Regional Irrigation Support Service
for Water saving
Regional weather station network
Regional Irrigation Support Service
Farm data
report
feedback
Field Assistance Technicians
Field visit &
farmer
interview
Farm data
Field
check
Videotext,
Internet,
SMS
feedback
Farmers
Source: adapted after Giannini and Bagnoni, 2002
Support of farmers
through the INTERNET sites
www.consorzio.fg.it
Support of farmers
through the INTERNET sites
www.consorzio.fg.it
Measures to
improve service
Interview
of farmers
LAND and WATER
Resource Management
Promotion
of service
Farmers
adhesions
Farm data
acquisition
Farm data
acquisition
Validity control of
proposed scheduling
Data
elaboration
Activation
of service
Training
of farmers
Feedback: suggestions on
“how to improve”
Control of acquired information
www.ciheam.org
www.iamb.it
LAND and WATER
Resource Management
mladen@iamb.it
BARI
Thank you