annual report - Fraunhofer IKTS - Fraunhofer

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FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR CERAMIC TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS IKTS
ANNUAL REPORT
2009
ANNUAL REPORT
2009
Fraunhofer Institute for
Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS
Winterbergstrasse 28
01277 Dresden, Germany
Phone
+49 351 2553-700
Fax
+49 351 2553-600
E-Mail
info@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Internet www.ikts.fraunhofer.de
1
FOREWORD
Dear friends of the IKTS,
Despite the difficult times due to the financial and economic
thermal analysis and physics laboratory as well as our sintering
crisis, we once again look back on a very successful year as
pilot plants. Significant investment was placed in the strategi-
our financial figures show:
cally important fields of lithium ion batteries. In this field, we
Our operating budget, without investments, increased from
would like to realize our well-established approach and cover
20.8 to 22.1 million euros. Our total profit rate (external funds
the entire R&D value chain ranging from the development of
rate) is again above 80 percent, i.e. we earned 18 million
new ceramic activating and separating materials to prototype
euros – with 8.1 million euros being direct industry revenues.
manufacturing of lithium ion batteries/cells. This also includes
The direct industry revenues are slightly below last year’s result
the electrochemical characterization of batteries. We have al-
(8.6 million euros), though. The slight decrease, however, was
ready established a powerful working group. In addition to all
clearly overcompensated by publicly funded projects. At this
electrochemical standard methods we turned our attention to
point, we would like to thank the Saxon Ministry for Economic
the “extreme”. First, we have unique competencies in the field
Affairs , Labour and Transport (SMWA) and its project man-
of combinatorial microelectrochemistry. Here we use, for ex-
agement organization Sächsische Aufbaubank (SAB) again for
ample, new high throughput screening methods for cathode
its constructive industrial research funding in Saxony. This year
materials in order to improve the electrochemical performance
we will take special efforts to directly stabilize our industrial
of batteries. Second, we have got unique new test sites for
revenues. In line with this growth, we continued to slightly in-
the characterization of large batteries which are important to
crease our staff numbers. In regard to our employees, how-
the electromobility sector in order to perform tests under rele-
ever, quality is more important than quantity. This year’s results
vant safety critical conditions. We are pleased with our deep
would not have been realized without the highly motivated
involvement in Fraunhofer's internal projects related to elec-
IKTS team and its outstanding scientific and technical compe-
tromobility. In the future, we will continue to expand this re-
tence. I would like to give a special thanks to all the IKTS staff.
search field in our institute. These activities complete our
portfolio in the field of energy technologies including fuel cell
The year 2009 was also marked by another record: we have
systems, photovoltaics, thermoelectric generators, energy har-
spent the vast sum of 15 million euros on investments. I would
vesting systems, turbine materials, and bioenergy. At this
like to take this opportunity to emphasize the support of the
point, I would like to emphasize that we placed investments in
Saxon Ministry for Science and Art (SMWK) which provided
a joint pilot plant with Roth & Rau AG in Hohenstein in order
more than 11 million euros for the expansion of our activities
to expand our photovoltaic competencies. By this, we are able
in the field of energy and environmental technologies. Thus,
to carry on with our developments in the field of material and
we were able to renew and complete our equipment and lab-
process development for the bonding of solar cells under oper-
oratories according to the latest developments in technology
ating conditions. In the field of bioenergy, we have invested in
allowing us to stay on top of our game in the coming years.
components for biogas plants and are now planning to estab-
Both, our structural and functional ceramics research fields
lish a joint application center with our partners.
benefited from these investments, as well as our cross-sec-
In the field of environmental technology, I once again would
tional departments. We were, for example, able to update our
like to point out the successful development of diesel particle
2
filters for non-road applications in cooperation with the
Enjoy reading this annual report which for the last time will
CleanDieselCeramics GmbH, for which we were awarded the
only relate to the Dresden activities.
Joseph von Fraunhofer Prize 2009. Congratulations to
Dr. Reinhard Lenk and Jörg Adler. This is the fourth prize for
Yours,
our institute (following transparent ceramics, directly integrated heating element in ceramic components [hot plate],
and ultrasound disintegration of sewage sludge).
Last but not least, I would like to address, on behalf of both
Alexander Michaelis
Dr. Voigtsberger and me, the most important strategic expansion of the Fraunhofer IKTS which was prepared in 2009. Due
Dresden in March 2010
to the outstanding support of the headquarters of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, we managed to merge the Hermsdorfer Institut für Technische Keramik HITK and IKTS within a very short
period of time. Thus, the IKTS family has increased by 131 employees this year. I would like to give a special thanks to the
Thuringian ministries which supported this merger extraordinarily well and raised enormous funds. Now, funds are also
available to significantly expand the Hermsdorf branch. We
would like to thank all the staff from Hermsdorf and Dresden
that was involved in this integration process. Here, the collaboration has already proven to be successful. The merger was
officially performed by a ceremonial act on the occasion of our
colloquium “Ceramics Vision” on January 22, 2010. From
now on, we will collaborate and offer our industry partners
the best possible combined services. We want to further optimize and accelerate the technology transfer of our developments into industrial applications. We are convinced that
together we are more apt to overcome the challenges of the
future. We would like to invite you as our partners to avail of
our outstanding services. First of all, we see ourselves as a
service provider for the industry and are available for talks to
identify common topics.
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2
FOREWORD
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
A PROFILE OF THE FRAUNHOFER IKTS
6
FRAUNHOFER IKTS IN BRIEF
8
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
10
FRAUNHOFER IKTS IN FIGURES
12
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
13
THE FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AT FRAUNHOFER IKTS
14
DEPARTMENT: MATERIALS
16
LARGER SELECTION OF CERAMIC POWDERS FOR DEFECT-FREE GELCASTING
17
NANOSCALED HARDMETALS FOR CUTTING APPLICATIONS
18
MICRO RAMAN SPECTROMETER, AFM AND CONFOCAL LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPE
19
CERAMIC CORE-SHELL SPHERES AS ADSORBENTS AND CATALYSTS
20
CERAMIC PARTICULATE FILTERS FOR DOMESTIC WOOD STOVES
22
TESTING METHODS FOR DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTERS AND CATALYTIC CONVERTERS
23
LARGE-SIZED AND COMPLEX SILICON CARBIDE COMPONENTS
24
PRECURSOR-DERIVED INKS AND PASTES FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS
25
DEPARTMENT: PROCESSES / COMPONENTS
27
DEVELOPMENT AND MACHINING OF COMPLEX CERAMIC GEOMETRY
28
FLOWD – EVALUATION OF THE FILLING BEHAVIOR OF GRANULAR SYSTEMS
29
MANUFACTURING OF CERAMIC DENTAL PROSTHESES BY 3D PRINTING
30
MOLD FILLING SIMULATION AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING IN CIM
32
DEPARTMENT: SINTERING / CHARACTERIZATION
34
NANOPARTICLES – A CHALLENGE FOR CHARACTERIZATION
35
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN METHODS AND TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT OF THE THERMOLAB
36
ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION OF SILICON CARBIDE MATERIALS
38
α-SIALON CUTTING TOOLS
39
MODELING OF MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION IN LPS-SILICON CARBIDE CERAMICS
40
SILICON NITRIDE MATERIALS WITH HIGH THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
4
41
DEPARTMENT: MICRO AND ENERGY SYSTEMS
44
FRAUNHOFER FOUNDATION PROJECT – THE “ENERAMIC” MICRO FUEL CELL
45
INDUSTRIAL SOFC SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
46
AUTOMATED HIGH-SPEED 3D STRUCTURING OF MULTILAYER CERAMICS
47
BIOETHANOL IN SOFC PARTIAL OXIDATION OF ETHANOL
48
NEW METALLIZATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR CRYSTALLINE SOLAR CELLS
49
LONG-TERM BEHAVIOR OF SOFC INTERCONNECTS
50
REACTIVE AIR BRAZE FILLER METALS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS
51
SOOT FORMATION AND ANODE REGENERATION IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS
52
HIGH POWER SOFC STACKS WITH CFY NETSHAPE INTERCONNECTS
53
DEPARTMENT: SMART MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS
55
NOVEL ALUMINUM-BASED HARD COATINGS BY CVD
56
ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS > 10 MHZ FROM CONCEPT TO SYSTEM
58
MANUFACTURING OF ACTIVE COMPOUNDS USING PLASTIC INJECTION MOLDING
59
ROBUST SENSOR / ACTUATOR MODULES BASED ON LTCC / PZT LAMINATES
60
PRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL CERAMIC FIBERS USING THE POLYSULFONE PROCESS
61
DEPARTMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND BIOENERGY
63
STRAW – AN ATTRACTIVE SOURCE OF ENERGY
64
SEWAGE SLUDGE – AN INTERESTING CO-SUBSTRATE
65
DISINTEGRATION PROCESS – EFFORT AND BENEFITS FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION
66
DISINTEGRATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE SUCCESSFUL CONTINUOUS OPERATION
68
COMBINATION OF ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE TOMOGRAPHY AND CFD
RETROSPECTIVE
70
EVENTS, EXHIBITIONS
75
PARTICIPATION IN TRADE SHOWS
77
COOPERATION IN GROUPS, ALLIANCES AND NETWORKS
82
NAMES, DATES, EVENTS
106
EXHIBITIONS 2008-2009
107
PLANNED EVENTS / TRADE SHOWS 2010
108
INFORMATION SERVICE
109
HOW TO REACH US
5
A PROFILE OF THE
FRAUNHOFER IKTS
FRAUNHOFER IKTS IN BRIEF
The Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Sys-
Continuous production lines in the field of structural and
tems covers the complete field of advanced ceramics, from
functional ceramics
basic research to applications. For this purpose, we have more
than 100 excellently equipped laboratories and pilot plants
In the field of structural ceramics, we offer all standard tech-
with a total useable floor space of more than 9500 m².
nologies for powder preparation, shaping, heat treatment,
Based on solid knowledge of advanced ceramic materials, de-
and finishing. In the field of functional ceramics, our special
velopment work spans the entire value chain, extending to
core competence is the preparation of pastes and slurries.
prototype production. Thus, the Fraunhofer IKTS is character-
We manufacture functional ceramic prototypes by means of
ized by three core competencies: materials know-how, manu-
our hybrid and multilayer ceramic line, which is situated in our
facturing technologies, and systems and product integration.
own clean rooms.
The IKTS is equally oriented towards the technology platforms of structural and functional ceramics. To that end,
chemists, physicists, and materials scientists work together.
Multiscale development
All development work is accompanied by qualified research
engineers and technicians. We particularly focus on ceramic
Developments can be transferred from the laboratory scale to
users as project partners, besides on ceramic manufacturers.
the pilot plant scale; i.e., we are able to prepare feed materials
on a ton scale and produce prototypes in relevant quantities to
The IKTS intends to be a competent partner as well as the first
facilitate the market entry for our partners. Through this resid-
contact address for all problems related to ceramics.
ual cost risks and time-to-market times can be minimized.
Thus, we particularly see our mission as combining the two
different technology worlds. We would like to show our partners the world of ceramics with its varied, innovative solutions.
As unique selling points we offer the following:
6
Synergies between structural and functional ceramics
interests of our partners. An overview of our R&D fields and
the appropriate contacts can be found on the following pages.
The combination of the different technology platforms allows
for the integration of additional functions into ceramic com-
We would like to continue inviting our partners to use our
ponents. This facilitates the manufacturing of innovative prod-
products and services.
ucts with a significant added value.
Network creator
In our current projects, we cooperate with more than 250 naGesellschaft, we collaborate, for example, in the Fraunhofer
Group for Materials and Components, and we are spokesperson of the Fraunhofer High Performance Ceramics Alliance,
consisting of seven institutes that are particularly specialized in
ceramics. Thus, we are able to support the creation of networks that are necessary for successful product development.
The IKTS as “one stop shop” for ceramics
Material
Component
Module
tional and international partners. Within the Fraunhofer-
System / Product
We are also able to impart and integrate competencies outside
the scope of our own expertise.
Ceramic expertise
System expertise
Our work on the research front is based on experiences and
knowledge collected over many years and is focused on the
We bring worlds together
7
Organizational chart of Fraunhofer IKTS (effective from February 2010)
Institute Director
Deputy Institute Director
Head of Administration
Prof. Dr. habil. Alexander Michaelis
Dr. Bärbel Voigtsberger
Dr. Michael Zins
Secretary: Maria Kirschner
Dr. Michael Zins
Staff/Internal Services, Controlling/
Finances, Information Technology,
Press and Public Relations, Quality
Management, Marketing
Materials
Sintering / Characterization
Micro and Energy Systems
Dr. habil. Andreas Krell
Dr. habil. Mathias Herrmann
Dr. Mihails Kusnezoff
- Oxide Ceramics
- Thermal Analysis and Thermal
Materials and Components
- Hardmetals/Cermets
Physics*
- Heat Treatment
- Joining Technology
Dr. Hagen Klemm
- Ceramography/Phase Analysis
- High Temperature Electrochemistry
- Nitride Ceramics
- Powder and Suspension Chraracter-
- Carbide/Filter Ceramics/
Biogenic Ceramics
- Precursor-Derived Ceramics
and Catalysis
ization*
- Quality Assurance Laboratory*/
Mechanics Laboratory
Dr. Michael Stelter
Modules and Systems
- Chemical and Structural Analysis
- Mechanical Testing
- Modeling and Simulation
* accreditation in accordance with
- Energy Conversion and Storage
DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025
- Energy Process Engineering
- Electrochemistry
Environmental Engineering and
Dr. Uwe Partsch
Bioenergy
Hybrid Micro Systems
- Powder Technology
Dr. Ingolf Voigt
- Thick Film Technology, Photovoltaics
- Manufacturing Technology
- Desintegration/Systems Analysis
- Micro Systems, LTCC/HTCC
- Component and System
- Bioenergy
- Ceramic Tapes, Functionalized
Processes / Components
Dr. Reinhard Lenk
Development
- Mixed Conductors/Catalysis
- Finishing
- Nanoporous Membranes
- Thermal Spraying
- Process Technology/Modeling
Multilayers
- Pilot Manufacturing
- Oxide Ceramic Components and
Systems
- Process Technology/Silicate Ceramics
Technische Universität Dresden,
Smart Materials and Systems
Institute for Material Science
Inorganic-Nonmetallic Materials
Dr. Andreas Schönecker
- Dielectric Ceramics and Composites,
- Instrumented Powder Compaction
- Piezo Systems
- Combinatorial Microelectrochemistry
- Functional Layers for Micro-
on Ceramic Surfaces
Friedrich Schiller University of Jena
8
Piezoceramics
electronics and Wear Protection
Dr. Bärbel Voigtsberger
Dr. Michael Zins
Phone +49 351 2553-512
Phone +49 36601 9301-3924
Phone +49 351 2553-522
alexander.michaelis@ikts.fraunhofer.de
baerbel.voigtsberger@ikts.fraunhofer.de
michael.zins@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Dr. Michael Stelter
Phone +49 351 2553-538
Phone +49 351 2553-527
Phone +49 351 2553-648
andreas.krell@ikts.fraunhofer.de
mathias.herrmann@ikts.fraunhofer.de
michael.stelter@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Dr. Hagen Klemm
Dr. Ingolf Voigt
Dr. Uwe Partsch
Phone +49 351 2553-553
Phone +49 36601 9301-2618
Phone +49 351 2553-696
hagen.klemm@ikts.fraunhofer.de
ingolf.voigt@ikts.fraunhofer.de
uwe.partsch@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Dr. Reinhard Lenk
Dr. Mihails Kusnezoff
Phone +49 351 2553-539
Phone +49 351 2553-707
Phone +49 351 2553-508
reinhard.lenk@ikts.fraunhofer.de
mihails.kusnezoff@ikts.fraunhofer.de
andreas.schoenecker@
ikts.fraunhofer.de
9
FRAUNHOFER IKTS IN FIGURES
Revenue developments (in thousands of euros) at
Fraunhofer IKTS for the budget years 2003-2009
Operating budget and revenues
The positive development of the Fraunhofer IKTS has also allowed us to expand our capacity in 2009. The operating
budget of 22.1 million euros equates to an increase of approximately 6 % as compared to last year. In total, 17.9 million
euros were earned as external revenues – 1.2 million euros
more than in 2008. With a total volume of 8.1 million euros,
the industry revenues constitute approximately 45 % of the
total revenues, and thus contribute to this result.
The growth can be attributed to the successful acquisition of
public revenues. Particularly the new record high of research
funding by the Saxon ministries amounting to 4.2 million
euros contributes to the increase of the operating budget. In
2009, 14.8 million euros were invested in the expansion of
laboratories and pilot plants. 13.6 million euros of this sum
were financed through external projects. Again, the success is
due to the acquisition of 11.25 million euros in federal state
funds for setting up a development center for energy efficiency systems in the field of fuel cells, thin-film photovoltaics,
biomass conversion, thermoelectric generators (TEG), and storage media (lithium ion batteries).
Developments of operating budget (in thousands of euros)
at Fraunhofer IKTS for the budget years 2003-2009
Expansion of research basis
The research field of energy and environmental technology
continues to establish as innovation field for structural and
functional ceramics. The application of ceramic technologies
and components allows for the development of new system
solutions ranging from biogas technology to photovoltaics.
The expansion of test capacity for SOFC systems guarantees
for future projects with system suppliers in the long-term.
Both, existing partners and other companies benefit from
these services and invest significant funds in Dresden. Various
paste developments and the adaptation of printing methods
10
Personnel developments at Fraunhofer IKTS
Number of employees 2003-2009, full-time equivalents
Personnel structure on December 31 of each year
ity systems research project. For this purpose, we invested in
electrochemical test sites for battery systems up to 100 kW.
Aside from the test equipment, the newly established test center provides equipment for the preparation and characterization of lithium ion battery materials.
Fraunhofer's research programs significantly facilitate the generation of its own IP rights and thus, the long-term opportunity to acquire new industry projects.
Personnel development
Our project work led to an approximate 10 % increase of staff
(scientists, graduates and technicians). This increase has been
mainly realized by taking over doctorate students and parttime workers. At the same time, an increasing number of new
doctorate students has been employed in cooperation with TU
Dresden. In total, 50 doctoral theses will be supervised at the
end of this year.
As before, all apprentices who finished their apprenticeship in
2009 could continue their employment. By training apprentices at the IKTS, the quality of our laboratory work will be further improved. In 2010, mechatronic engineers are being
trained for the first time.
for solar cells have opened an industry-oriented field with absolute unique selling propositions for Fraunhofer IKTS.
At Fraunhofer IKTS new solutions were developed to produce
lithium ion batteries using thick-film printing techniques. By
means of specially developed pastes, complete lithium ion batteries can be applied on substrate surfaces. Fraunhofer IKTS
has specific know-how in the field of ceramic cathode materials which will be further developed in cooperation with industry partners. So far, we have paid special focus on micro
systems technology, i.e. on performances in the range of
some watt. Now, the technology is transferred to higher performances, and thus contributes to Fraunhofer’s electromobil-
11
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
The president of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft has appointed
the following people to the board of trustees at Fraunhofer
IKTS:
Dr. G. Gille
Dr. F. Lindner
Chairman of board of trustees
Robert Bosch GmbH, Gerlingen
H.C. Starck GmbH & Co. KG, Goslar
Department head
Manager of central department research and development
Corporate research and development
Advanced functional and sintered materials
Dr.-Ing. S. Blankenburg
Hermes Schleifkörper GmbH, Dresden
MR Dipl.-Ing. P. G. Nothnagel
CEO
Saxon State Ministry for Economic Affairs, Labour and
Transport (SMWA), Dresden
Dr.-Ing. W. Böcker
Energy Policy
Berlin
Department head
Dr. W. Hergarten
Dr. Richard Metzler
German Federation of Industrial Cooperative Research
Rauschert GmbH
Associations Otto von Guericke e.V. Berlin
Technische Keramik und Kunststoff-Formteile
CEO
CEO
Prof. Dr.-Ing. J. Huber
Dr. W. Rossner
CeramTec AG, Plochingen
Siemens AG, Munich
Board of directors
Central Department Technology, Ceramics
Department head
Dipl.-Ing. M. Kempter
Management consultant, Munich
MR Dr.-Ing. G. Uhlmann
Saxony State Ministry for Science and Art (SMWK), Dresden
Dr. C. Lesniak
Research department
ESK Ceramics GmbH & Co. KG, Kempten
Deputy head
Research and development
Prof. Dr. P. Woditsch
Solar World Innovations GmbH, Freiberg
CEO
12
THE FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT
Research of practical utility lies at the heart of all activities pur-
As an employer, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft offers its staff the
sued by the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft. Founded in 1949, the re-
opportunity to develop the professional and personal skills that
search organization undertakes applied research that drives
will allow them to take up positions of responsibility within
economic development and serves the wider benefit of society.
their institute, at universities, in industry and in society. Stu-
Its services are solicited by customers and contractual partners
dents who choose to work on projects at the Fraunhofer Insti-
in industry, the service sector and public administration.
tutes have excellent prospects of starting and developing a
career in industry by virtue of the practical training and experi-
At present, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft maintains more than
ence they have acquired.
80 research units in Germany, including 59 Fraunhofer Institutes. The majority of the 17,000 staff are qualified scientists
The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft is a recognized non-profit organi-
and engineers, who work with an annual research budget of
zation that takes its name from Joseph von Fraunhofer
1.6 billion euros. Of this sum, more than 1.3 billion euros is
(1787–1826), the illustrious Munich researcher, inventor and
generated through contract research. Two thirds of the Fraun-
entrepreneur.
hofer-Gesellschaft’s contract research revenue is derived from
contracts with industry and from publicly financed research
projects. Only one third is contributed by the German federal
Locations in Germany
and Länder governments in the form of base funding, enabling
the institutes to work ahead on solutions to problems that will
not become acutely relevant to industry and society until five or
ten years from now.
Affiliated research centers and representative offices in Europe,
the USA and Asia provide contact with the regions of greatest
importance to present and future scientific progress and economic development.
With its clearly defined mission of application-oriented research
and its focus on key technologies of relevance to the future,
the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft plays a prominent role in the German and European innovation process. Applied research has a
knock-on effect that extends beyond the direct benefits perceived by the customer: Through their research and development work, the Fraunhofer Institutes help to reinforce the
competitive strength of the economy in their local region, and
throughout Germany and Europe. They do so by promoting innovation, strengthening the technological base, improving the
acceptance of new technologies, and helping to train the urgently needed future generation of scientists and engineers.
13
DEPARTMENT:
MATERIALS
Dep artmen t h e a d :
Dr. h ab i l . An d r e a s Kr e ll
Dr. Hag en K le m m
The Materials department utilizes its extensive experi-
Products and services offered
ence in materials science, natural science and engineering to develop and refine ceramic materials and
Realization of R&D projects for the development and applica-
ceramic-metal composites using modern technologies.
tion of new advanced ceramics and hardmetals in the form of
raw materials, material samples and complex components:
Our services range from raw material syntheses (including renewable raw materials), consulting on
- Studies and concept development
health and safety aspects, to testing of commercially
- Integrated materials and process development
available raw materials. Furthermore, we develop
- Development and supply of samples
specialty materials and processes as well as proto-
- Expertise on production processes and applications
types and components. At Fraunhofer IKTS, newly de-
- Special testing methods (mechanical, tribological and corro-
veloped prototypes or components can also be
sive properties at room and high temperatures)
field-tested. This wide range of services may be ap-
- Damage and failure analysis
plied to both homogeneous and composite materials.
- Evaluation of safety and health aspects with regard to
nanoscale powders and materials
We have successfully contributed to new fields of application by combining the various functional advantages of different ceramic materials. These applica-
Special technical equipment
tions include, for example, high-temperature materials, electrically heatable ceramics, ceramic tools,
- Clean room technology
transparent components and various filters.
- Hot gas corrosion test stand
- Manufacturing line for ceramic foams
- Test stand for porous materials
- Test stand for heat conductors
- Winding techniques for ceramic fiber composites
- Mechanical materials testing
- Wear test laboratory
14
Oxide Ceramics
Phone +49 351 2553-538
andreas.krell@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Nitride Ceramics
Dr. Hagen Klemm
Phone +49 351 2553-553
hagen.klemm@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Hardmetals / Cermets
Dr. Volkmar Richter
Phone +49 351 2553-614
volkmar.richter@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Carbide and Filter Ceramics
Dipl.-Krist. Jörg Adler
Phone +49 351 2553-515
joerg.adler@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Biogenic Ceramics
Dr. Stefan Siegel
Phone +49 351 2553-521
stefan.siegel@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Precursor-Derived Ceramics
Dr. Isabel Kinski
Phone +49 351 2553-560
isabel.kinski@ikts.fraunhofer.de
15
1
2
3 cm
LARGER SELECTION OF CERAMIC POWDERS
FOR DEFECT-FREE GELCASTING
D r. J e ns K limk e , Dr. An d re a s K re l l
Modern liquid shaping methods can contribute to avoid mate-
ponents. Figure 2 shows gelcasting bodies made from spinel
rial defects through improvement of the homogeneity of the
with a thickness of about 3 cm or a maximum diameter of
microstructural composition. Gelcasting is such a procedure
12 cm.
starting with a suspension of dispersed ceramic particles which
were poured into a mold followed by adsorption of the liquid
component by controlled formation of a polymer network. In
this way, the powder particles remain in their original state of
Pore size distribution (mercury porosimetry) after burn out
of organics at 800 °C
dispersion and the liquid is removed from the gel body by a
drying process.
Fraunhofer IKTS has been engaged for a long time in gelcasting of corundum ceramics. For these ceramics the absence of
defects in the case of very high density (e.g. after hot isostatic
pressing) is obviously demonstrated through transparency. In
the meantime the selection of materials has been extended to
other materials like ZrO2, Y2O3, spinel and YAG. New monomer
systems which react to particularly strong gels without increase of viscosity of the suspension allow greater opportunities for use of finer powders down to the nanoscale range.
Figure 1 shows sample bodies after drying or sintering to densities between 97 and 99 %. The pore size distributions of the
ceramic gel bodies burnt out at 800 °C (see diagram) demonstrate the high packing density of the obtained particle coordination. Powder morphology and chemical composition are
crucial for a suitable interaction of the dispersing media, dispersing agents and gel-forming monomer.
For raw powders which exhibit an instable behavior in water-
1 Gelcasting of different ce-
based suspensions an alcohol-based gelcasting procedure was
ramic powders.
developed. Further development work intended to optimize
2 Larger spinel bodies (burnt
the drying process for the realization of larger crack-free com-
out at 800 °C).
16
1
2
2 μm
NANOSCALED HARDMETALS FOR
CUTTING APPLICATIONS
Dr. Volk m a r Ric ht e r, Di p l .-M i n . R o l a n d Ho l k e
It is the aim of the nanoHM project, which is funded by the
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Hardness of the new grades and commercial ultra-fine
WC-Co hardmetals
within the program “Nano for Production” and carried out by
H.C. Starck (manufacturer of raw materials), FCT (sintering
furnaces), Kennametal Technologies (hardmetal manufacturer), CemeCon (innovative coating systems), ASMEC (simulation and analytic), BMW (car manufacturer) and the
Fraunhofer institutes IKTS and IST, to develop new cutting
tools combining the extreme hardness and strength of
nanoscaled hardmetals with the high wear resistance of
nanoscaled coatings. Based on a nanoscaled tungsten carbide
powder (A/m ~ 4 m²/g; dBET = 90 nm) made by H.C. Starck
completely dense hardmetal parts were manufactured within
the first year using methods appropriate for mass production.
Research was based on earlier work of Fraunhofer IKTS.
The hardness of the alloys with binder contents from 0 to
0.15 portions of mass which were manufactured by Fraunhofer IKTS was significantly higher than that of commercial
ultra-fine hardmetal grades of the same binder content (see
diagram). Milling and turning tools manufactured by Kennametal will now be coated by CemeCon and Fraunhofer IST
using the newly developed nanoscaled coatings. The tools will
be tested under laboratory and industrial conditions. Further
research work of Fraunhofer IKTS is directed on a further reduction of grain size and an improvement of properties by
optimizing raw materials and processing routes.
1 Cutting process.
2 Microstructure of a WC-10C
hardmetal (dark: cobalt).
17
1
2
MICRO RAMAN SPECTROMETER, AFM AND
CONFOCAL LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPE
D r. Volk m a r R i ch te r, D i p l .-I n g . (F H ) S y l vi a Ri c hter
At Fraunhofer IKTS three new analytical instruments were
installed partly financed by the German Federal Ministry of
Detection of single and multi-walled CNT
Education and Research (BMBF): a confocal micro Raman spectrometer Raman Horiba LabRAM HR Vis (400 to 1100 nm), a
confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) TCM SP5 from
Leica Mikrosysteme and an atomic force microscope (AFM)
Park XE-100. The coupling of the instruments allows the
analysis and visualiztion of the same area of an object by
means of different methods combining for instance information on topography and chemsitry. This may be used to investigate the distribution and effect of nanoparticles in organic
material such as living cells, and to study the changes (like oxidation) the nanoparticles undergo. Lightweight particles such
as carbon nanotubes (CNT) can also be detected in amorphous carbon or in organic material (see diagram above). In
contrast to electronmicroscopical methods a time-consuming
preparation can be avoided. A large number of ceramic materials like carbides, nitrides and oxides or different carbon materials were analyzed. The data gained for different materials,
Surface of polycrystalline silicon
crystal structures and impurity contents are used to build up a
Raman data base. The data may also be used to detect and
analyze particles in an organic environment. The atomic force
microscope not only allows to gain data on topography (see
diagram below) but also on electrical and magnetic properties
and on heat conductivity in the nanoscale range. A wet cell
and different scanning modes also allow the investigation of
soft cells in a nutritive solution.
1 Raman spectrometer.
2 Laser scanning microscope.
18
Zeolite
SiO2
1
2 μm
CERAMIC CORE-SHELL SPHERES AS ADSORBENTS AND CATALYSTS
Dr. I ngr id S c hulz , D r. H a g e n K l e m m
In a joint research project together with the Hollomet GmbH
- Comprehensive characterization of porous adsorbents and
and TU Dresden, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, novel
catalysts in terms of microstructure, rupture resistance, ad-
porous spheres from zeolite were developed which can be ap-
sorption behavior, selectivity or reactivity
plied in adsorptive separation and catalysis. An efficient utilization of the active material became possible by developing
Rupture strength of zeolite adsorbents
adsorbents with a core-shell structure. The dynamic productivity of adsorption processes can be improved as a result of
shorter diffusion path. The velocity of the diffusion process
strongly depends on the size and geometry of pores in the active shell. At the same time sorbents must be strong enough
to withstand rupture during the application. The use of silica
sols cross-linked by polycondensation during processing provides a significant increase of the rupture resistance as compared to traditional inorganic binders. However, finest SiO2
particles cover the zeolite after drying and block the diffusion
0.1
of gases running through the pores of the zeolite which are
1 to 3 μm in size. Therefore, the addition of new pores is necessary using pore builders. Organic polymers (cellulose fibers) or
complex compounds, which burn out in the temperature range
up to 400 °C nearly without residues, proved to be proper. By
combining strength-improving and pore-forming additives it
was possible to improve the strength of the adsorbents and to
simultaneously develop new diffusion channels assuring a bulk
transfer performance comparable with zeolite adsorbents with
traditional inorganic binders applied until now.
- Development of porous ceramic spheres, hollow spheres or
spheres with core-shell structure with defined properties
1 Microstructure of the optimized zeolite shell.
19
1
CERAMIC PARTICULATE FILTERS FOR
DOMESTIC WOOD STOVES
D ipl. - K r ist . J ö rg Ad l e r, Di p l .-I n g . Da n i e l a Böttge
Motivation
the market. In combination with a special geometry of the
combustion chamber these furnaces have a very high energy
efficiency and fine dust emission is below the limit of the sec-
Wood is a greenhouse gas neutral and low-cost raw material
ond stage of the Germany Federal Immission Control Act,
for combustion. Due to these properties it becomes increas-
which is expected to enter into force in 2015.
ingly important as domestic heating fuel. However, during ignition and at low heat output, wood stoves emit comparatively
high amounts of fine dust and carbon monoxide as well as
High energy efficiency of wood-firing
odor nuisance. Up to now, technical solutions for emission reduction are not feasible for domestic wood stoves because in-
The use of the ceramic filter has an added value: Because of
stallation and operation are costly.
the heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the filter and the infrared emission into the combustion chamber, less heat is lost
through the chimney. Thereby the efficiency factor increases
Approach to reduce emission
and up to 40 % less wood consumption as well as CO2 output
can be achieved.
High-porous, network-like ceramic foams capture particles and
pollutants without blocking the open-celled structure. This
happens during heating up, in particular, when high soot and
Promising concept for retrofit
carbon monoxide emissions occur. At high temperatures these
pollutants are burnt inside the filter. The filter can be inte-
In another R&D project, a promising concept for refitting ce-
grated in the stove, directly above the firing-place and then
ramic foam filters into older furnaces was developed. There-
guarantees an independent cleaning without additional effort.
fore, the filter was integrated behind the furnace into the
This solution requires a precise adaptation of the filter to each
connecting piece (coupler) to the chimney. For this concept an
furnace type and is therefore a suitable solution for newly de-
auxiliary heating has to be integrated into the filter for its re-
veloped furnaces ex works.
generation. This heating operates shortly after longer operating times. The filter is designed in such a way that there is no
need for an additional exhaust fan. Experiments show that fil-
First implementation in wood stoves of HARK company
ter efficiencies of up to 50 % of fine particles are possible (see
diagram). With an additional exhaust ventilator higher filter ef-
Lately, the HARK company has introduced its new generation
ficiencies can be achieved and the system was applied to bio-
of the ECOPlus furnace with integrated ceramic foam filter to
mass-combustion boilers and larger technical plants.
20
2
3
Easy ash removal
Acknowledgments
After a certain operating time, clogging of the fine dust filter
The presented works are a result of a joint project with Fraun-
with incombustible ash is possible. Tests at Fraunhofer IKTS
hofer IBP. BMVEL (FKZ 22022006), HARK, SCHIEDEL and
showed that these depositions can be easily cleaned.
KUTZER&WEBER are gratefully acknowledged for supporting
the project.
Combination with catalytic coating
Open-celled ceramic foams do not only have a filtration effect,
but they can also be catalytically coated. Thus, a reduction of
gaseous pollutants, like carbon monoxide and volatile hydrocarbons, is possible. The development of stable and durable
coatings is the subject of current projects.
- Development of ceramic filters and ceramic supported catalysts for after-treatment of exhaust gases
- Production and analysis of test samples and small scale production
Particle emission of two burning cycles; above: in front of
the filter, below: behind the filter in the exhaust system
(measurements by IBP Stuttgart)
1 Open-celled ceramic foam.
2 Filter in an ECOPlus furnace
(source: HARK).
3 Wood stove (source: HARK).
21
1
2
TESTING METHODS FOR DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTERS AND CATALYTIC CONVERTERS
D r. U w e P e t as c h , D i p l .-Ch e m . La rs M a mmi tz s c h, D i pl .-I ng. H ei ke H ey mer
Emissions from diesel vehicles, particularly particles, are very
properties, porosity, pore size distribution and permeability. In
harmful for environment and health. New emission standards
addition the catalytic properties of powders and coatings can
limit the amount of particles and in future also their number
be tested by means of temperature programmed reactions
as well as nitrogen oxides. Thus, exhaust treatment systems
and chemisorption as well as under application-oriented con-
become obligatory for almost all diesel engines. A significant
ditions.
reduction of all pollutants in diesel exhaust can be achieved by
combining different after-treatment technologies such as e.g.
diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), diesel particulate filter (DPF)
Cyclic soot loading regeneration test of a DPF using the hot
gas test stand
and DeNOx catalyst like SCR (selective catalytic reduction of
NOx) or LNT (lean NOx trap). During their use all ceramic and
catalytic components are subject to thermal, mechanical and
chemical stress leading to damage of the components and
degradation of their properties.
At Fraunhofer IKTS post-mortem analyses are used to investigate characteristic properties of DOC and SCR catalysts as well
as catalyzed and non-catalyzed DPF. Conclusions about the
thermal and chemical degradation can be drawn by comparing new and aged substrates. For a defined thermal aging and
testing of components for exhaust after-treatment a fully automated hot gas test stand is available. The test stand works
at temperatures up to 1100 °C and uses mass flows up to
500 kg/h. Furthermore, it is combined with a soot aerosol generator. In addition to hot gas tests, soot loading regeneration
and lifetime tests are possible.
At Fraunhofer IKTS specific analytical methods are used for the
investigation of exhaust components. Important parameters
are the characterization of ceramic substrates and catalytic
1 Soot loading and back pres-
coatings in terms of their chemical composition, specific sur-
sure test stand.
face area, microstructure, mechanical and thermomechanical
2 Hot gas test.
22
1
2
LARGE-SIZED AND COMPLEX SILICON
CARBIDE COMPONENTS
Dr. Ste f a n S ie ge l, S te ffe n K u n z e
Ceramic components provide unique performance under ex-
Precision molding of silicon carbide
treme thermal, mechanical and corrosive conditions. Their usability as large-sized systems is limited due to expensive
SiC granules and a mixture of phenolic and epoxy resins,
manufacturing processes. Powder technology processing of
added by carbon dopands, are homogenized in vacuum and
single systems or small series is hampered by low economic ef-
cast into molds. Special combinations of resins and filler mate-
ficiency. It was the goal of joint developments by Fraunhofer
rials enable a carbonization of the binding matrix without
IKTS with industrial partners to overcome these limitations.
shrinkage. An infiltration of liquid silicon converts the carbon
New materials and processing concepts are created to effi-
matrix to secondary SiC.
ciently produce complex SiC components using biogenic ceramics as well as vacuum-assisted precision molding.
Light-weight biogenic SiC structures
- Design and development of large-sized SiC products
- Manufacturing of prototypical components based on techni-
Technical wood-based materials, particularly medium-dense
fiber boards (MDF) and high-dense fiber boards (HDF), are
converted into SiC ceramics in two steps. First, a joined
wooden perform is carbonized. The resulting biocarbon component is then machined to its final shape. The main advan-
cal woods
- Tailored technologies for producing biogenic ceramic components
- Development of materials and technologies based on ceramic precision molding
tages of the new processing route are the cost-effective fiber
boards and the final shaping in the soft biocarbon state. There
is no longer a need for expensive molds for shaping green
components. Second step of the ceramic conversion is a liquid
siliconizing process. Biocarbon is converted to Si-SiC-C materials. Only functional surfaces need to be further machined
using the typical diamond grinding or polishing processes.
1 Biogenic ceramic elements
for SiC heat exchanger.
2 Ceramic pumping wheel
manufactured by SiC precision
molding.
23
1
2
10 μm
PRECURSOR-DERIVED INKS AND PASTES
FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS
D ipl. - C he m . S te fa n i e Wo l l e n b e rg , Dr. I s abel Ki ns ki
Precursor-based inks are superior to particulate inks in terms of
printability and storage. Additionally, these inks can be easily
produced in one step by dissolving a solid precursor with the
desired solvent. The metal precursor can be synthesized pro-
- Synthesis of metallo-organic precursors under anaerobe atmosphere
viding the required solubility properties. Furthermore, material
- Sol-gel techniques for nanoparticle production
properties can be tailored and functionalized by molecular de-
- Development of hard masks and protective layers
sign of the precursor-derived substances. Precursor inks are
- Coating with spin-coating technique also under anaerobe
true solutions and accordingly, they do not sediment or ag-
atmosphere
glomerate. Therefore, storage up to four months preventing
- Pyrolysis in inert and reactive gases
light access is possible.
- Measurement of layer thickness and index of refraction of
(semi)transparent layers and bulk materials
Heating temperatures for the burn out process are determined
by the choice of suitable metallo-organic substances and the
- Measurement of surface tension of liquids and surface energy of solid
burning behavior of the organic part. Mayor advantages of
particle-free inks are low burning temperatures resulting in
lesser material stress.
Acknowledgments
During the firing step the precursor decomposes in elemental
This work is financially supported by the Fraunhofer “Attract”
metal and in a volatile organic part. By using suitable heating
program, and the SAB with grant No. 12894/2154. The pro-
programs organic residues in the metal track can be avoided.
ject is financed by EU and EFRE funds. Roth & Rau AG is grate-
During this process, particles smaller than nanoparticles are
fully acknowledged for financial and material support.
deposited leading to a smooth and even structure.
The metal-precursor-derived inks can be printed without a drying step in between repeatedly printed layers. The latest layer
might dissolve the upper part of the layer before and a homo-
1 Silver particle, silver precursor
geneous line without intermediate structures is built.
and two particle-free silver inks
Depending on height and lateral dimensions of the structures
from left to right in front of Di-
their conductor cross-section is defined. Densely packed metal
Funded by the European
matix DMP2831.
particles and homogeneous conductors are important for a
Union and the Free State of
2 Light-microscopic image of a
good conductivity. Adding different metal precursors to inks
Saxony.
silver layer, deposited with a
might decrease the contact resistivity by alloy formation.
24
particle-free ink, free of cracks.
DEPARTMENT:
PROCESSES /
COMPONENTS
D epartmen t h ead :
D r. Rei n h ard L en k
The Processes/Components department develops
manufacturing methods based on powder technology for advanced ceramic components and systems.
- Contract research and network projects
We develop prototypes in the laboratory scale and
- Feasibility studies
manufacture small batches at pilot plant scale. Fur-
- Technological services at the highest stage
thermore, we are able to transfer prototype and
- Process, component and system development at preindustrial
small batch production into a pilot technology. The
scale
development spans the entire value chain, from
- Technology transfer
preparation of commercially available powders and
- Consulting service and training courses
raw materials through forming, sintering, green and
finishing, to joining and integration technologies.
On the basis of our expertise in modeling, material develop-
The technical equipment allows for subsequent up-
ment and characterization, we competently advise our part-
scaling of each technological process step, including
ners and offer excellent R&D services. If required we involve
transfer to industrial scale manufacturing at our
the competencies of our partners in the Fraunhofer High-Per-
client’s sites.
formance Ceramics Alliance. In addition, the Fraunhofer
Demonstration Center AdvanCer also provides a wide range of
The Competence Center for Powder Technology fo-
products and services (www.advancer.fraunhofer.de).
cuses on product design using ceramic, metallic and
composite materials. Our new manufacturing concepts for innovative products make use of the nu-
merous possibilities provided by a range of forming
methods, such as plastic, thermoplastic shaping and
slip casting. Within the framework of our component
- Preparation plants at laboratory and pilot scale (inert/explosion-proof)
and system development we competently and effi-
- Spray dryers on laboratory and pilot scale (explosion-proof)
ciently cover the entire value chain from pressing
- Fluidized bed technology (product development, inert)
and green machining to finishing. Thus, we are able
- Granule characterization on laboratory scale (air-conditioned)
to react fast and flexibly to deliver optimal solutions
- Shear roll compactor for feedstock preparation
to customer requests. New applications ideas as well
- Torque rheometer and capillary viscosimeter
as further developments in material solutions may be
- 2-component injection molding machine, low-pressure injec-
transferred to prototypes or small batch production
fast, reliably and cost-effectively.
tion molding machine
- Tape casting, structuring and lamination machines
- Vacuum extruder
- Hydraulic and cold isostatic presses
- 5-axis CNC machining center
- Laser sintering machine
- X-ray computed tomograph (CT-Compact)
- CNC surface, cylindrical and jig grinding technology
- Coordinate measurement machine
25
Powder Technology
Dr. Manfred Fries
Phone +49 351 2553-810
manfred.fries@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Manufacturing Technology
Dr. Tassilo Moritz
(since January 2010)
Phone +49 351 2553-747
tassilo.moritz@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Component and Systems
Dipl.-Ing. Jens Stockmann
Development
Phone +49 351 2553-561
jens.stockmann@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Finishing
Mst. Matthias Nake
Phone +49 351 2553-586
matthias.nake@ikts.fraunhofer.de
26
1
2
DEVELOPMENT AND MACHINING OF
COMPLEX CERAMIC GEOMETRY
Di p l .-I n g. J e ns S t oc k m a n n , D i p l .-I n g . F a l k o O e h me
In practice, one is often confronted with the task of optimiz-
with significantly reduced process forces and longer tool life
ing, manufacturing and testing highly stressed ceramic com-
and with a five times higher productivity.
ponents. The manufacturing of complex components, in
particular, is a special challenge in terms of manufacturing
methods and economic aspects. The near-net shape concept
frequently described already has limitations with simple
geometries such as drilling patterns or channel structures with
high aspect ratios and requirements on dimensional, geometrical and positional tolerances as well as surface quality. This is
- Final machining of ceramic prototypes with standard tolerance up to IT 3
- Ultrasonic machining of hard-brittle materials
mainly caused by insufficient manufacturing tolerances and
surface qualities, which can be achieved by green machining,
shrinkage during sintering as well as rough surfaces as a result
of evaporation during sintering, particularly for nonoxide ceramics. Electrically conductive materials, e.g. hardened steels
or hardmetals, can be shaped using electrical discharge machining. For ceramic materials, however, this method can only
be applied in exceptional cases. Using wire spark erosion materials susceptible to corrosion can be damaged.
For these reasons, a number of very modern CNC machines
for surface, cylindrical and jig grinding as well as abrasive cutting and ultrasonic grinding are available at Fraunhofer IKTS.
Ultrasonic grinding, in particular, is a very economical method
in order to grind elements such as bores, deep holes or other
programmable structures. Whenever tools are subject to wear
during conventional machining, and thus high process forces
cause depth damage in the material or hard-brittle materials
cannot be machined economically anymore, ultrasonic grinding is an adequate solution. Through flexible ultrasonic grind-
1 Optimized ceramic compo-
ing, drilling or milling components can be realized in just one
nent (source Fraunhofer IWM).
process step with high-quality surfaces (Ra < 0.2 μm) along
2 Ultrasonic grinding.
27
1
A
2
B
FLOWD – EVALUATION OF THE FILLING
BEHAVIOR OF GRANULAR SYSTEMS
D ipl. - Ing. Bia n c a La n g , Dr. M a n fre d F ri e s
During the production of ceramic or metallic components by
dry compaction granules are filled volumetrically into the die.
Quality and reproducibility of the manufactured compacts are
Analyses of products and processes during production and
substantially affected by the filling behavior of granules.
handling of granules by
- Characterization of products (properties of granules and
Within the MEF project CerGran it was shown that the flow
behavior of granular systems is affected by the primary gran-
bulk materials, flow and compaction behavior)
- Visualization and evaluation of the filling behavior using the
ules characteristics and their interaction with the environment.
FlowD test stand (variable shoe speed < 1 m/s and die
For the characterization of the flow behavior under process-
geometries, high speed camera up to 1000 pictures/s)
near conditions the FlowD test stand was developed, which
- Development of techniques for improving the handling
simulates a real die filling process. This development is part of
properties by influencing formulation and technology
the implementation of practice-oriented measuring methods
for granule characterization. The FlowD test stand allows the
visualization and quantification of the filling behavior as well
Flowability (granule A, B / shear tester)
Problem: Low sensitivity of this method
as the correlation between parameters of flow measurements
and real die filling operations.
Two Al2O3 granules with different flow properties (A – good
flowability and B – bad flowability) were characterized (see
diagram). In dependence of the flowability there were considerable differences in the filling behavior. This is represented in
Figure 1 and 2. In each case the shoe is at the same position.
At the same filling time different filling volumes are realized,
depending on the flowability of the granules.
1 Visualization of the filling
behavior: granules A.
2 Visualization of the filling
behavior: granules B.
28
1
2
MANUFACTURING OF CERAMIC DENTAL
PROSTHESES BY 3D PRINTING
Dr. Han s- J ür ge n Ric h te r, D i p l .-I n g . K ri s ti n H a d e r k
The past years have shown a growing demand for ceramic
allow the sintering of zirconia dental prosthesis with a sinter-
dental prostheses requiring automatic and cost-effective man-
ing density of at least 95 % of the theoretical density.
ufacturing processes. Generative processes including 3D printing offer new approaches in manufacturing technology.
Complex individual parts with free-form areas, undercuts and
hollow structures can be realized using such processes. A joint
research project between the Fraunhofer IPA and IKTS focused
on the application of 3D printing to manufacture ceramic dental prostheses based on zirconia. Within this project foundations were laid for the development of materials, process and
- Development of materials and processes for the generative
manufacturing of ceramic components
- Development of binder systems and powder modification
for 3D printing of ceramics
equipment.
Until now the green density of ceramic parts made by 3D
printing from powder has been too low to reach a high sintering density (> 95 %). Therefore, a solution has been worked
out which combines the powderbed printing process with the
printing of suspensions. Here, a suspension of nanoparticles is
printed in a powder bed resulting in a higher and homogeneous packing density of the green body. The powder layer is
consolidated by reactive interactions between the powder and
the binder system at that point where the printing liquid (ink)
contacts the powder. The binder system can be added to the
powder or to the ink. For the zirconia powder TZ 3YE (Tosoh
Corporation) a specific binder system was developed and adjusted ensuring a fast solidification of the respective powder
layer and a good bonding between the powder layers. So, homogeneous green bodies with sufficient strength for handling
can be generated. Furthermore, nano-zirconia suspensions
were developed with specified properties – viscosity, surface
1 Detail of printing process,
tension and stability – for suspension printing with piezoelec-
source: Fraunhofer IPA.
tric printing heads. Currently, green densities of at least 35 %
2 Printed green crowns.
29
1
5 mm
2
MOLD FILLING SIMULATION AND
NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING IN CIM
D ipl. - Ing. A n n e M a n n s c h a tz, D i p l .-Ch e m . M atthi as A hl hel m, D r. Tas s i l o M ori tz , D r. Rei nhard L e nk
Together with the Expert Group on Ceramic Injection Molding
(CIM) in the German Ceramic Society (DKG) a test tool was
built by means of which a number of mold filling problems oc-
X-ray absorption coefficient of Al2O3 and partially stabilized
ZrO2
curring in practice can be studied. On the one side, this tool is
used to investigate the influence of constructive characteristics
on the mold filling behavior, such as e.g. tempering channels,
sprue design or the possibility to evacuate. On the other hand,
the results of mold filling simulations can be verified by means
of the test tool. For this purpose, the results obtained by mold
filling experiments with different feedstocks at determined injection conditions are compared with the simulation results
(Moldex3D®, Simpatec). Furthermore, the influence of varying
injection parameters, sprue geometry as well as a vacuum on
the filling behavior was studied. With the help of X-ray computed tomography and a so-called marking feedstock, flow
and weld lines can be made visible in the reconstruction view
and be compared with the speed vectors of the mold filling
simulation. The specifically developed marking feedstock con-
simulation tool it is important to consider the feedstock as
sists of a mixture of powders with different X-ray absorption
multi-component system consisting of a binder system and a
coefficients (Al2O3 und ZrO2).
powder. Additionally, it must be emphasized that a simulation
tool can only be as good as the simulation input data deter-
The studies showed that there is a significant demand for the
mined before. By continuously improving the simulation re-
further development of existing simulation tools with the aim
sults the requirements on the determination of rheological,
of better understanding the mold filling process. The filling ex-
mechanical and thermal parameters of the feedstock under
periments showed that the test tool puts a lot of requirements
consideration of the shape, the specific surface and the parti-
on the simulation tool, where the selection of the model on
cle size distribution of the powder will increase.
which the simulation is based and which can freely be chosen
by the user, has a decisive influence on the simulation results.
The computed tomography investigations of the components
Jetting at the sprue and the formation of weld lines behind
which were injection-molded with the marking feedstock
obstacles, often occurring in reality, could not be reproduced
show that this non-destructive testing method is well suited
sufficiently by simulation. In the further development of the
for characterization tasks in ceramic injection molding. On the
30
3
one hand, the simulation results can be verified with regard to
weld lines, so-called wake spaces or flow lines. On the other
Simulation of flow behavior
hand, computed tomography has been established as an essential tool for quality assurance in single and multi-component injection molding. It has to be emphasized that the
components are tested in the green, debinded or sintered
state without destroying them. This allows one to assign defects to single process steps. So, unnecessary process steps for
defect components can be avoided and damaged components
can be recycled.
The test tool was financed by the Expert Group on Ceramic Injection Molding in the German Ceramic Society
(www.keramikspritzguss.eu).
- Development and characterization of feedstocks
Mold filling simulation for a prismatic bar with two blind
holes
- Mold filling simulations
- Single and multi-component injection molding
- Debinding and sintering of CIM components
- Characterization of CIM components by means of X-ray
computed tomography
1 Formation of weld line in the
test specimen.
2 Simulation of weld line.
3 Flow lines in the CT image.
31
DEPARTMENT:
SINTERING /
CHARACTERIZATION
Dep artmen t h e a d :
Dr. h ab i l . M a t h ia s H e r r m a n n
An extensive know-how in the field of sintering and
analysis of materials is concentrated within this department.
Realization of R&D projects and individual orders for characterization of powder metallurgical and ceramic materials as well
Complex thermal analyses, thermodynamic and ki-
as for heat treatment of materials and components:
netic modeling and extensive furnace technology are
combined to develop tailored materials, components
and processes.
- Determination of thermoanalytical and thermophysical parameters
- Investigation of sintering behavior of materials and compo-
The laboratories for Thermal Analysis/Thermal
nents
Physics as well as those for Powder and Suspension
- Design, realization and optimization of heat treatment
Characterization are accredited in accordance with
processes including an up-scaling to industrial scales
DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025.
- Characterization of particles and suspensions at micro and
nano-scale
Available methods range from particle and suspension characterization, through ceramographic sample
preparation by means of conventional and ion-beam
based methods, to quantitative phase and structural
analysis. Furthermore, we offer a wide range of ther-
- Characterization of materials and components with regard to
microstructure, phases as well as mechanical and tribological
properties
- Failure analysis of ceramic components and consulting services
with regard to application of ceramic materials
moanalytical and thermophysical characterization
- Corrosion behavior of materials and components
methods as well as methods for tribological and me-
- Thermodynamic modeling
chanical characterization.
The Sintering and Characterization department uses
these sophisticated analytical methods in combination
with detailed process and materials knowledge to
Powder and suspension characterization
provide a fundamental interpretation of the results.
Electrokinetic and electroacoustic measurement equipment,
particle size analysis, BET measurement, mercury porosimetry
Thermal analysis / Thermal physics
Measurements in the temperature range from -80 to 2400 °C
with a highly clean, automated laboratory gas supply system:
simultaneous TA-complexes with gas change analysis, high
temperature dilatometer, differential scanning calorimeter, test
stands for thermal conductivity
32
Heat treatment and sintering
Laboratory and pilot plants (T ≤ 2400 °C; different atmospheres), vacuum and gas furnaces, gas pressure sintering furnaces, hot isostatic press; hot presses; SPS/FAST plant
Ceramography / Phase analysis
Ceramographic sample preparation and etching techniques,
sample preparation by ion beam techniques, FESEM with EDX,
EBSD, AFM, XRD up to 1400 °C and reflectrometry
Mechanical testing
Measurements from room temperature to 1500 °C
Thermal Analysis and
Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Jaenicke-Rößler
Thermal Physics
Phone +49 351 2553-530
klaus.jaenicke-roessler@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Ceramography / Phase Analysis
Phone +49 351 2553-527
mathias.herrmann@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Heat Treatment
Dipl.-Ing. Gert Himpel
Phone +49 351 2553-613
gert.himpel@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Powder and Suspension
Dr. Annegret Potthoff
Characterization
Phone +49 351 2553-761
annegret.potthoff@ikts.fraunhofer.de
33
1
2
100 nm
NANOPARTICLES – A CHALLENGE FOR
CHARACTERIZATION
D r. A nne gre t P o tth o ff
Due to the use of nanoscaled materials new applications in
This sophisticated procedure leads to results for dispersability
fields like environmental technology, power engineering,
of nanoparticles and their behavior in process-relevant fluids,
medical technology, automotive manifacturing and others
and forms a basis for the development of nanosuspensions.
arise. The increasing use of nanopowders requires a critical
Depending on the field of application, time or temperature de-
assessment as well as an adaption of particle analysis meth-
pendent stability, sedimentation properties (Figure 1), viscosity
ods to the new challenges.
as well as agglomeration behavior of nanomaterials are investigated.
Caused by their production procedure nanopowders often
form strong aggregates (Figure 2). Single primary particles are
linked with each other and form aggregates, which may ag-
glomerate up to microscale range.
- Selection, sampling and characterization of (nanoscaled) raw
Using conventional methods of sample preparation including
stabilization of suspensions and dispersion with ultrasound
“smallest dispersable units” in a fluid arise and are represented by the hydrodynamic diameter xDLS that is measured by
dynamic light scattering. Due to an intensivation of specific
materials
- Dispersion and analysis of nanosuspensions and nanofluids
in low and high concentrations
- Development of dispersion procedures for toxicological tests
of nanoparticles
energy input as it is realized by milling deaggregation will take
place in the stabilized suspension. In combination with measurement of the specific surface area according to BET an aggregation number AAN, which describes the degree of
dispersion, is calculated from xDLS and xBET.
The relevance of specific parameters depends on the application of nanomaterials: While the sedimentation behavior is determined by the agglomerate sizes, the catalytic activity of
materials is linked with the available surface and thus with the
primary particle size. The interpretation of toxicological investi-
1 LUMiSizer for analysis of sus-
gations needs both surface area weighted concentration of
pensions.
particles and agglomeration properties in media.
2 FESEM picture of a nanoscaled Al2O3 powder.
34
1
2
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN METHODS AND
TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT OF THE THERMOLAB
Di p l .-I n g. K la us J a e n i c k e -R ö ß l e r, Dr. T i m G e s tri c h, D r. habi l . M athi as H errmann
The laboratory for thermal analysis and thermophysics at
ments can be carried out with up to 100 % water vapor. A
Fraunhofer IKTS has acquired comprehensive knowledge re-
new fully automated gas dosing system is used to adjust and
lated to fields of thermal characterization of materials, compo-
change different (reactive) atmospheres during the experiment.
nents and heat treatment processes. In 2009, the laboratory
The diagram below shows the thermal behavior of a SOFC ma-
was modernized on the basis of EFRE funds, and thus signifi-
terial for anodes (nickel-cermet) under a humid H2-H2O-N2 gas
cantly extended with regard to new methods and apparatuses.
mixture at 850 °C. If traces of hydrogen sulfide are added to
This is to be illustrated by the following examples.
the atmosphere an increase of mass is measured. Such investigations contribute to elucidate H2S poisoning of SOFC elec-
Through the installation of a new analytical complex (Figure 1)
trodes.
and through the upgrade of existing apparatuses the potential
of thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) coupled with evolved gas analysis/quadrupole mass
spectrometry (EGA/QMS) up to 2000 °C could be dramatically
Mass increase of a SOFC nickel-cermet after adding traces of
hydrogen sulfide
improved in terms of quality and quantity. A complex gas delivery system enables investigations in high-purity gases and gas
mixtures. Mass loss steps are correlated to specific mass spectra
in dependence on temperature, time and atmosphere. In connection with caloric effects it becomes possible to describe the
influences of materials, technologies and processes on the
component’s properties. Simultaneously to TGA, DSC and
QMS, gas analytical measurements can be performed by means
of FTIR spectroscopy through which it becomes even easier to
identify the evolved gases. With this combination of methods
progress in solving debinding problems is expected. In addition
a particular gas dosing unit for pulse thermal analysis (PTA) enables the quantitative gas analysis over the entire temperature
range.
A further substantial improvement is a 1300 °C water vapor
1 TGA-DSC-MS-FTIR complex.
furnace, which is added to a high resolution thermobalance.
2 TGA-DSC complex with water
With the adequate supply system (Figure 2) hydrothermal treat-
vapor furnace.
35
1
100 μm
2
6 μm
ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION OF SILICON
CARBIDE MATERIALS
D r. ha bil. Ma th i a s H e rrma n n , Di p l .-I n g Kers ti n Sempf, D r. U we Sy dow, D r. M i c hael Sc hnei der
SiC materials are used widely in industry in seals and pumps
demonstrated via impedance spectroscopy (see graphs). In
in various media and have been tested and proven in numer-
bases, the attack was more pronounced and led to etch pit-
ous applications. Through Burgmann’s introduction of dia-
ting to an extent varying according to grain orientation. In the
mond-coated seals, developed together with partners and
LPS-SiC materials, the grain rims were selectively removed,
Fraunhofer institutes IST, IWM, IKTS, and IPT in a BMBF pro-
whereas the cores were not attacked. Hence, this is a simple
ject, the service life under extreme tribological conditions
method for revealing core-rim structures in SiC materials.
could be improved considerably (see AdvanCer Newsletter
2/2009). Under special application conditions in which corro-
Similar corrosion phenomena were seen in AlN-doped materi-
sion would not be expected (e.g., high-purity water), damage
als prepared by SPS. For more in-depth investigations of the
indicative of electrochemical corrosion was seen. This is still
phenomena, additional model materials with larger grains
not completely understood. In order for an understanding of
were prepared and analyzed (Figures 1 to 4). The measured
these corrosion phenomena to be gained and strategies for
material conditions were intensively investigated before and
avoidance or improvement of the tribological properties to be
after corrosion, especially by means of field emission scanning
derived, a DFG project on the detailed investigation of the
electron microscopy (FESEM).
macroscopic and microscopic electrochemical corrosion
mechanisms was started in cooperation with TU Dresden
The individual grains could be imaged clearly with the cham-
(Prof. Michaelis) and TU Darmstadt (Prof. Kleebe). In the first
ber SE detector and the angle-selective backscattered electron
project stage, the electrochemical behavior of specially pre-
detector (Figure 2), whereas the in-lens detector enabled the
pared LPS-SiC and S-SiC materials was investigated. The re-
internal structures of the grains to be displayed in greater de-
sults showed that electrochemical processes can exacerbate
tail. Core-rim structures could be revealed in this way (Figure
the corrosion of SiC.
3). These core-rim structures arose through the diffusion of
aluminum from the oxide binder phase into the SiC grains
In acids, structured SiO2-rich surface layers were formed. Sig-
during sintering. The low aluminum contents in the rims
nificant differences in the corrosion behavior of S-SiC and
could be detected via energy-dispersive elemental analysis
LPS-SiC were revealed. Whereas conventional S-SiC materials
(EDX), as shown in Figure 4. Doping of the SiC lattice with
exhibited largely homogeneous grain attack (grain boundaries
aluminum led to an increase in electrical conductivity. For this
were attacked differently), LPS-SiC materials showed a
reason, the doped regions exhibited more pronounced chemi-
marked core-rim grain structure. The electrochemical oxida-
cal attack.
tion of the grain rims was more pronounced, and an SiO2
layer was formed on the rim, but not in the core (Figure 1).
In further analyses, the effect of crystal orientation on the
The formation of these layers inhibited further attack, as was
electrochemical corrosion and the composition and homo-
36
3
6 μm
4
10 μm
geneity of the oxide coatings will be investigated.
Using the methods developed here, corrosion mechanisms
Bode plots of impedance measurements on S-SiC in a base
(a) and an acid (b)
can be investigated in greater detail. In addition, these methods can be used for specific characterization of locally differing conductivities.
- Identification of corrosion mechanisms
- Evaluation of (electrochemical and conventional) corrosion
stability of materials and components
- Component failure analysis
- Preparation and analysis of ceramic materials
1 SE image of LPS-SiC after
electrochemical corrosion in
0.5 M H2SO4.
2 BSE image of an SiC
microstructure.
3 In-lens image of an SiC
microstructure.
4 Al mapping of an SiC
microstructure.
37
1
2
10 μm
α-SIALON CUTTING TOOLS
D r. ha bil. Ma th i a s H e rrma n n , Di p l .-I n g . S ören H öhn, D r. I ngri d Sc hul z
Besides Al2O3-based materials, silicon nitride-based ceramics
boundary strengths). With these findings as a basis, optimum
are the main ceramic cutting materials used for metal machin-
compositions can be found for sintering, microstructural evolu-
ing. Over the last few years α-Sialon materials have gained
tion, and properties.
ground due to their higher hardness and chemical stability.
Longtime disadvantages such as higher manufacturing costs
These results will be utilized in a collaboration with partners
and low fracture toughness have been eliminated. The devel-
(Techvolk project) to produce milling tools made out of
opment of new technologies such as aqueous processing
α-Sialon ceramics for machining of super alloys (Figure 1).
played a role in the early years of Fraunhofer IKTS. In addition,
new analytical possibilities were exploited with the aim of better understanding the microstructural evolution and the sinter-
ing behavior of the materials and deriving optimization
possibilities. The microstructure and the distribution of cations
in the various sintering stages were characterized through
preparation using ion beam methods and FESEM.
In particular, the incorporation of the rare earth metal ions into
the structure was measured by the Rietveld method. Analysis
- Development of technologies and components based on
Si3N4 or Sialon materials
- Characterization of materials and components
Content of incorporated rare earth metal ions versus theoretical content as a function of temperature
of incorporation during sintering indicated that in the early
stages of sintering the rare earth metal ion content in the
α-Sialons is greater than the content in the equilibrium state at
high temperatures (see graph). This could be the main reason
for the equiaxial grain shape and the low fracture toughness
values observed in the early years. It has two main consequences: Reproducible sintering and controlled adjustment of
the α-Sialon content requires an excess of rare earth ions with
respect to the ideal α-Sialon composition.
The experimental results also showed, as was demonstrated for
ß-Si3N4 using various methods, that a high rare earth metal ion
content in the melt greatly stimulates anisotropic grain growth
1 Milling tool made of Sialon.
and leads to higher fracture toughness values (lower grain
2 Microstructural image of Sialon.
38
YAG
SiC
Al2O3
1
2
MODELING OF MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION IN LPS-SILICON CARBIDE CERAMICS
Dr. h ab il. Ma t hia s H e rrma n n , Di p l .-M a t. R o l a n d N eher, D i pl .-I ng. Kl aus Jaeni c ke-Rößl er
Apart from classic S-SiC materials, LPS-SiC ceramics have
distribution of the sintering aids in the initial state but by seg-
found a variety of uses in pumps, seals, and other machine
regation effects occurring during cooling. Low YAG nucleation
components subjected to wear. For reproducible sintering and
rates led to large single-crystal regions and the observed seg-
controlled adjustment of the microstructures of these materi-
regation phenomena. With a special, gentle preparation
als, detailed knowledge of their interactions with the sintering
method, the extensive crystallization of YAG could be directly
atmosphere and the formation of secondary phases is needed.
detected for the first time ever via EBSD (Figure 2).
Currently available thermodynamic datasets only partially describe the materials system and are in part inconsistent or do
not allow for the description of the process of melt phase for-
mation. In addition, no data exist on the mobility of ions in the
grain boundary phase. Hence, efforts to create a thermodynamically consistent dataset for the Si-Y-Al-O-N system have
started in collaboration with TU Bergakademie Freiberg (TU
- Thermoanalytical investigations up to 2400 °C and in diverse
media
- Specific microstructural analysis
BAF, Prof. H.J. Seifert). Focus at Fraunhofer IKTS is on the experimental determination of liquidus temperatures, whereas
TU BAF is concentrating on the creation and optimization of
the thermodynamic dataset.
The phase relations and the invariant points in the SiC-Al2O3Y2O3 system were determined to provide bases for the thermodynamic calculations. The investigations showed that the
solubility of SiC in the melt is low. Figure 1 shows the evolution of the microstructure after solidification of the melt.
Apart from information about the formation and the thermodynamic stability of the liquid phase, knowledge of the diffusion coefficients of the ions is necessary for modeling of the
1 FESEM image of solidified
formation of surface zones/sinter skins. Analysis of diffusion
melt.
pairs enabled determination of the diffusion rates of Al and
2 Distribution of YAG crystal
Y3+ in the melt. The data acquired was used for initial model-
orientations in grain boundary
ing of the microstructure. It was shown that partial grain
phase as determined using EBSD
boundary phase segregation is caused not by inhomogeneous
and associated pole figures.
3+
39
1
2 μm
2
2 μm
SILICON NITRIDE MATERIALS WITH HIGH
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
D r. ha bil. Ma th i a s H e rrma n n , Dr. Ha n s -Jü rgen Ri c hter
Silicon nitride based materials exhibit high strength, fracture
toughness, thermal shock resistance combined with low electrical conductivity, high dielectric strength and low dielectric constants. Accordingly, these materials are well suited for
applications under high mechanical, tribological and thermal
stresses. Despite these excellent properties Si3N4 ceramics have
- Development of Si3N4 materials, components and technologies for multifunctional applications
- Characterization of materials and failure analysis of components
not been used in power electronics so far in contrast to AlN
materials with lower strength and fracture toughness as they
have limitations with regard to their thermal conductivity (for
standard Si3N4 materials 15 to 30 W/mK) and their processibility
Thermal conductivity as function of temperature
to ceramic tapes. By tailoring the composition and the microstructure Si3N4 materials with a thermal conductivity of up
to 100 W/mK and dielectric strength > 25 KV/mm were costeffectively produced. These materials exhibit a four point bending strength of 600 to 800 MPa depending on the raw material
and preparation route. Si3N4 components were produced by
dry pressing and slip casting. The sintering process was optimized to reduce surface decomposition during sintering which
is a prerequisite to use these materials as tapes. A water-based
technology was developed which allows for the preparation of
ceramic tapes with thicknesses of 0.3 to 0.8 mm. Substrates
with dimensions of 120 x 90 mm² were prepared using optimized binder removal and sintering processes. These tapes
have the flatness and roughness suitable for application in electronic devices. With the results obtained the foundations were
laid for Si3N4 materials as substrates in power electronics and in
other applications subject to high thermal and mechanical
1 Microstructure of a Si3N4 ma-
stress.
terial with high thermal conductivity.
2 Microstructure of Si3N4 green
tapes (ion beam preparation).
40
DEPARTMENT:
MICRO AND ENERGY
SYSTEMS
D r. Mic h ael S tel ter
D r. Mih ai l s K u sn ez off
D r. Uw e Partsc h ( eff e ct iv e f r o m F e b r u a r y 2 0 1 0)
With its two research fields “Materials and Compo-
nents” and “Modules and Systems”, the department
covers the entire value chain of functional ceramic
solutions ranging from materials development to sys-
tion of functional ceramics for micro and energy technology at
tem application. Our research focuses on electro-
all stages of the value chain
chemical systems and microsystems for hybrid
technology, sensor technology, and energy conver-
- Pastes, screen printing technology
sion. We have 15 years experience in the field of
- Technology development for micro and energy systems
thick film technology research and development, in-
- Development and integration of components, manufactur-
cluding development, preparation and manufacture
ing of prototypes
of ceramic functional materials for various coating
and deposition methods at pilot scale. We have used
- Failure analysis for functional ceramic devices
this experience and competence in our own research
- Screen printing on tubular substrates
work to develop innovative and cost-effective com-
- Characterization of functional properties at high tempera-
ponents with increased functionality, such as sensors,
thick film batteries and micropackages.
tures
- Characterization of electrical and electrochemical properties
- CAD design and simulation of components and systems
By means of multilayer technology (LTCC and HTCC)
- LTCC development and prototypes
we are able to manufacture microsystems of the
- Scientific device engineering
highest reliability and integration density for sophisticated applications. In this field we are also involved
in the entire technological process, from research to
production. Our research combines conventional
electronic packaging with elements of micro-fluid
dynamics and microactuators to create innovative
products and new applications.
SOFC fuel cells are one core competence of our department. R&D areas include components, stacks,
complete energy systems and their ceramic reactors.
We put focus especially on the use of biogenic energy carriers. Practical work is supported by an efficient simulation of materials, devices and systems
based on experimentally determined material parameters.
41
Dep artmen t :
M i c ro an d Ene r g y S y s t e m s
Thick film technology
Grinding aggregates, roller mills, rheometer, micro calorimeter,
screen printer with automatic positioning, profilometer, clean
rooms, continuous and chamber furnaces, calibration laser
Multilayer ceramics
Tape caster, via punch, via filler, isostatic and uniaxial lamination presses, structuring by laser and micromill, sintering furnaces (zero and free shrinkage)
Simulation / CAD
ANSYS, ANSYS/CFX, Matlab, Simulink, FlexPDE, FEMILAB,
SolidWorks, AutoCAD
SOFC and system technology
Test stands for stacks, MEAs and components up to 5 kW, gas
analysis
Low-temperature electrochemistry
Standard test stands up to 600 fA, test stands for combinatory
microelectrochemistry, development and preparation stands
for microcells
Thick Film Technology,
Dr. Lars Rebenklau
Photovoltaics
Phone +49 351 2553-986
lars.rebenklau@ikts.fraunhofer.de
High Temperature Electro-
Dr. Nikolai Trofimenko
chemistry and Catalysis
Phone +49 351 2553-787
nikolai.trofimenko@ikts.fraunhofer.de
42
Micro Systems, LTCC / HTCC
Dr. Uwe Partsch
Phone +49 351 2553-696
uwe.partsch@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Modeling and Simulation
Dr. Wieland Beckert
Phone +49 351 2553-632
wieland.beckert@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Joining Technology
Dr. Jochen Schilm
Phone +49 351 2553-824
jochen.schilm@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Energy Conversion and
Dr. Mareike Schneider
Storage
Phone +49 351 2553-971
mareike.schneider@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Electrochemistry
Dr. Michael Schneider
Phone +49 351 2553-793
michael.schneider@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Energy Process
Dr. Matthias Jahn
Engineering
Phone +49 351 2553-535
matthias.jahn@ikts.fraunhofer.de
43
1
FRAUNHOFER FOUNDATION PROJECT –
THE “ENERAMIC” MICRO FUEL CELL
D r. Mic ha e l S te l te r, D r. M a re i k e S ch n e i d er
The Fraunhofer Future Foundation is funding the development of a portable fuel cell generator under its IP relevant ini-
Voltage/current density diagram of a micro stack
tial research program.
The device is based on SOFC technology. Thus, conventional
propane gas can be used as a fuel to generate an electrical
power of circa 100 W in a small and portable package. Applications for the generator can be found among camping and
outdoor activities but also in the industrial sector. Fraunhofer
IKTS is responsible for the complete system which is offered
under the registered trade mark “eneramic”.
Being manufactured by consequently using industrial-grade
multilayer technologies, the active core of the system can be
much smaller than comparable competitors. Numerous innovative materials and process solutions needed to be found
and patent-protected, such as new metal-ceramic joints. The
interaction of the system components was developed and optimized in a very short time frame by using fast and complex,
yet capable simulation tools.
The team itself is very interdisciplinary and cross-cutting. Beyond the technical system development, the team also addresses industrial product design issues such as safety,
housing design and marketing.
The very promising results so far prove in an impressive manner, how Fraunhofer IKTS connects highly integrated technological chains to system and market knowledge to achieve
successful innovations with an outstanding customer value.
1 Micro SOFC stack in the test
stand.
44
1
2
INDUSTRIAL SOFC SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Di p l .-I n g. Ma rc H e dd ri c h , D r. M a tth i a s Ja h n , D i pl .-I ng. Thomas Pfeifer, D r. M i c hael Stel ter
The working group “Energy Process Engineering” of the
- Gas analyses, mass and energy-balancing
Fraunhofer IKTS works as system developer with Vaillant
- Support in application of fuel cell systems in research and
GmbH, one of Europe’s leading companies in the field of heat-
education
ing and air conditioning technology, towards large-scale field
tests. Aim of the efforts is a simple, robust μCHP SOFC unit
with a strictly limited number of sensors and actuators, low
Temperature control of components along with load change
maintenance requirements, easy assembling and with natural
gas, electric power and heating as customer interfaces.
To achieve this, the necessary fuel reforming utilizes cost and
process-effective partial oxidation (POx). Further attention is
directed to the development of control algorithms. It focuses
on making fast parameter variation possible and on stabilizing
the thermal behavior to improve temperature-change stability
of sensitive system components. This goal is attained with
degradation-resistant adaptive component controllers and
model-based system controllers. Their implementation allows
for the reduction of sensors by providing predicted process values. Within the framework of “Callux – Practical Tests for Fuel
Cells in a Domestic Setting” which is supported by the German federal government the jointly developed fuel cell systems will enter field testing.
- Development, testing and production of high-temperature
components for fuel cell systems
- Design and manufacturing of fuel cell systems with an elec-
1 Model of system generation 2.
tric power output of Pel=1-10 kW for different biogenic fuels
2 Ceramic foam insert in the
(BTL diesel, biogas, landfill gas, bio ethanol etc.)
burner.
45
1
2
AUTOMATED HIGH-SPEED 3D STRUCTURING
OF MULTILAYER CERAMICS
D ipl. - Ing. A d ri a n G o l d b e rg , Dr. Uwe P a rt s c h
Besides technical requirements cost aspects decide about the
Possible structure sizes:
application of ceramic multilayer-based microcomponents.
For this reason a comprehensive cost analysis is one driver for
- Vias in the range of 50 to 8000 μm
further developments for ceramic multilayer components. In
- Cavities of 50 to 10,000 μm (bigger cavities possible
addition to an effective material utilization (miniaturization) a
cost reduction for all processing steps is necessary.
through sequences)
- Laser cut and separation of metal, glass, ceramic substrates
with thicknesses of 10 to 10,000 μm
Because of this reason there is the demand for highly productive multilayer microstructuring equipment for large sub-
- Ablation of channels and cavities in the range of 70 μm to
20 cm with high aspect ratio (1/20)
strate sizes. In cooperation with KMS Automation GmbH a
- Punching area: 4x4“ to 8x8“
new automated machine was developed combining the abil-
- Laser area: 0 to 20x20 cm (max. 30x30 cm)
ity for micro punching and laser micromachining for ablating
and cutting (UV laser by Spectra-Physics, wavelength 355 nm,
20 W). The machine has an option for automated feeding of
tapes or substrates.
- Development and testing of new manufacturing technoloThe prototype machine is currently available for Fraunhofer
IKTS to test and manufacture multilayer components (LTCC,
HTCC). Key aspects of the new machine concept are:
gies
- Design and fabrication of ceramic multilayer components
(HTCC, LTCC)
- Combination of via punching and laser ablation of cavities in
one job
- Integration of an automated handling/feeding system for
higher throughput
- Vision alignment for positioning to existing structures (for
punching as well as for laser cutting/ablation)
1 Combined punching/laser
equipment for ceramic multilayer
manufacturing.
2 Automated handling system.
46
1
2
BIOETHANOL IN SOFC
PARTIAL OXIDATION OF ETHANOL
Di p l .-C he m . Ma nue la B re i te , Dr. M a tth i a s Ja h n , D i pl .-I ng. Thomas Pfeifer
Ethanol is a well suited energy carrier for fuel cells as it has a
high energy density, is non-toxic and simple to transport and
store. If used in SOFCs, one major task is to produce synthesis
gas from ethanol with a high percentage of H2 and CO.
- Catalyst development, reactor design and dimensioning for
reforming of biogenous raw materials
Thermodynamic calculations showed that simple SOFC setups
are possible with an ethanol POx reformer. Thermodynamic
equilibrium for partial oxidation of ethanol was calculated
with respect to carbon formation. It has been shown that with
Thermodynamic equilibrium calculation for POx of ethanol
for different λ and T
air-to-fuel ratios above λ = 0.28 for ethanol (95 vol %) sooting
does not occur for temperatures above 700 °C.
Currently, the most important task is to identify effective,
long-term stable catalysts for partial oxidation of ethanol. Experiments with low-cost base metals like nickel, copper, iron
and cobalt on different supports showed great promise for
ethanol conversion. The catalyst samples were characterized
with optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), surface analysis
based on Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) and scanning
electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis
(SEM-EDX). It is the goal of the preparative work to develop a
thermally stable catalyst with a high dispersity of the metal on
the carrier surface.
The carbon formation on the surface was reduced by modification of the surface with lanthanum. The rate of yield of H2
and CO was increased with suitable active components. Now,
by-products are to be detected using gas chromatography and
mass spectroscopy with the aim to increase the selectivity of
the catalyst.
1 Foam ceramics with coating.
2 Reactors for reforming.
47
1
2
NEW METALLIZATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR
CRYSTALLINE SOLAR CELLS
D r. U w e P a r t s c h , D r. M a rk u s E b e rs te i n , D r. L ars Rebenkl au, D r. C hri s tel Kretz s c hmar
More than 85 percent of photovoltaic modules consist of crys-
talline silicon based solar cells. Aside from texture etching,
phosphorous doping and anti-reflecting coating the printing of
the conducting fingers is one of the most quality-determining
process step.
Fraunhofer IKTS develops materials for front and backside metallization of crystalline solar cells as well as technologies for
- Development and evaluation of new pastes/inks for front and
backside metallization of crystalline solar cells
- Development and evaluation of new metallization deposition
technologies for solar cells
- Process optimization and capability
high resolution deposition of conducting fingers. Examples are
mask-based printing technologies (ultra-fine-line screen printing, stencil printing, gravure printing) as well as digital printing
I-U characteristic curves of test cells and microstructure at
the Si/metallization interface vs. firing temperature
technologies (aerosol and ink-jet printing). Minimal printable
lateral dimensions are currently in the range of approx. 40 μm
for mask-based printing technologies (single pass). By digital
printing technologies minimal lateral dimensions of approx.
25 μm can be achieved (multiple pass).
The properties of the pastes/inks have to be tailored for each
printing technology (e.g. solid content, structural viscosity,
thixotropy). Further material adaptations are related with e.g.
optimized printing resolution and electrical performance (contact and finger resistance, efficiency). For advanced cell concepts the metallization pastes/inks have also to be tailored (e.g.
for selective emitter concepts).
The composition of the tailored materials for solar cells plays an
important role. Fraunhofer IKTS is able to develop and adapt all
paste components (e.g. glasses with specific wetting and reaction behavior, metal powders with appropriate particle size distribution, organic binder system). The following step of process
optimization (printing parameter, thermal processing) is part of
each development. The process capability of the developed
1 Aerosol printing of the front
materials can be evaluated by means of a 10 MW pilot line that
side finger grid.
is operated in cooperation with Roth & Rau AG.
2 Firing of metallization.
48
1
200 μm
200 μm
2
200 μm
LONG-TERM BEHAVIOR OF SOFC
INTERCONNECTS
Dr. V i k t a r S a uc huk , D r. S te fa n M e g e l , D r. E g l e Gi rdaus kai te, D r. M i hai l s Kus nez off
Metal interconnects are one of the important components of
solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) which influence the long-term stability of SOFC stacks. At present FeCr alloys are the most preferred materials for SOFC interconnects. For evaluating the
materials in terms of oxidation resistance samples of different
ferrite alloys were prepared and stored at 850 °C for more
- Characterization of materials and metal-ceramic composites
in the high-temperature range
- Development of ceramic materials for protecting and contact
layers in SOFCs
than 12,000 h in air. Because of oxidation an oxidation layer
grows on the surface of the alloy the thickness x of which increases with the time t according to the law x=k∙tn (k – growth
Increase in mass of different alloys at 850 °C in air
constant, 0 < n < 1). The increase of the layer thickness on the
metal substrate correlates with the increase of the sample
mass. Comparing different steels it was found that the alloys,
the oxidation rate of which increases with the time, are not
long-term stable for an application over 20,000 h (ZMG232
alloy in the diagram). By analyzing polished cross-sections it
was determined that the change of the oxidation curves is in
accordance with the change of the oxidation mechanisms in
the alloy. An accelerated increase in mass indicates that the Cr
content in the alloy falls below the critical concentration of
about 15 wt % as a result of chromium diffusion and evaporation. The oxidation does not only take place on the surface of
the metal substrate, but also in the base material of the alloy
(“breakaway oxidation”). The experiments showed that the
onset of the “breakaway oxidation” does not only depend on
the structure of the alloy, doping elements, temperature and
storage duration, but also on the geometrical shape of the
surface which is in contact with the oxidizing atmosphere. All
these criteria are very important for the development of the interconnect design.
1 Cross-sections of the samples
after 12,000 h storage in an oxidizing atmosphere.
49
1
2
REACTIVE AIR BRAZE FILLER METALS FOR
HIGH-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS
D ipl. - Ing. A n d re a s P ö n i ck e , D r. Jo c h e n S c hi l m
Commercial active braze filler metals which are used for metal-
ceramic and ceramic-ceramic joints contain activating elements
such as Ti or Zr to enable the wetting of the brazes on ceramic
surfaces. The brazing process must be performed under vac-
- Selection, modification and testing of active and reactive
braze filler metals
uum or in a protective atmosphere resulting in high operating
- Development of pastes for brazing applications
and plant costs. An attractive alternative is given by reactive
- Analysis and characterization of interfacial reactions in joints
braze filler metals containing active components that allow
under application-oriented conditions
brazing processes in air.
The Fraunhofer IKTS develops such reactive braze filler metals
based on Ag and CuO as an activating component. By varying
Thickness of a reaction layer between alloy and braze after
storage in air at 850 °C
the CuO content the wetting behavior of these brazes on ceramic surfaces can be adjusted. These reactive braze filler metals can be used for example to join solid ceramic electrolytes
made of doped zirconia with metallic interconnectors made of
Crofer 22 APU or ITM-LC for the application in high-temperature fuel cells (SOFC) or sensor elements.
Joints in high-temperature fuel cells must withstand high operating temperatures up to 850 °C and harsh environments such
as a dual atmosphere and electric load for the whole lifetime of
the fuel cells. Therefore, the development of these brazes must
regard the behavior of the brazed joints under process-oriented
conditions. Figure 2 shows a typical microstructure of a joining
zone with a reaction layer of 5 μm thickness consisting of a
Cr-Mn-Cu oxide on the metal side, which is formed during the
brazing process. Analyses of aged joints (up to 800 h at 850 °C)
reveal that the growth of this reaction layer according to a saturation mechanism is the most significant change in the joining
1 Induction brazing unit.
zone which is not thicker than a free oxide layer on this alloy.
2 REM image of the joining
zone.
50
1
2
SOOT FORMATION AND ANODE REGENERATION IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS
M . Sc. S e na K a v ur ucu S ch u b e rt, Dr. M i h a i l s K u snez off
As solid oxide fuel cells can be operated with various fuels
they are very attractive for different applications. In many of
Impedance spectrum of a single cell stack with soot formation at 650 °C and with regeneration at 850 °C
these applications carbon containing gases are used as fuel
which can cause soot formation in the cells especially during
heating up and cooling down of the SOFC stacks. Experiments
were performed with single cell stacks in order to investigate
the influence of temperature, heating rate and gas composition on the carbon formation mechanisms. The cells were
tested under real operating conditions with a simulated natural gas reformate. According to thermodynamical calculations,
the carbon monoxide content in the gas was found to be responsible for carbon formation in the stack which occurs
below 700 °C. With increasing temperature, carbon formation
can increase due to the presence of hydrocarbons (CxHy). However, it is shown that it is possible to completely regenerate
the CO contaminated stack under electrical load at 850 °C. As
soon as current is drawn from the stack the water and carbon
dioxide content increases in the anode atmosphere positively
influencing the carbon gasification reaction. The studies with
different types of hydrocarbon such as acetylene (C2H2),
ethene (C2H4), and butane (C4H10) show that carbon formation
is also possible at high temperatures. The experiments were
carried out under system-like conditions. From it, efficient
strategies can be deduced for carbon-free and stabile operation processes of stacks in SOFC systems.
1 Soot formation in the stack
under extremely disadvantageous operating parameters.
- Testing of SOFC stacks and MEAs in terms of soot formation
with different operating parameters
2 Soot formation on the outer
anode surface.
51
1
2
HIGH POWER SOFC STACKS WITH
CFY NETSHAPE INTERCONNECTS
D r. Miha ils K u s n e z o ff, Dr. S te fa n M e g e l
SOFC modules with a power of 5 to 50 kW are a serious com-
Conversion of cell performance in the stack
petitor to commercially available combined heat and power
(CHP) plants for decentralized electricity and heat supply. Typical CHP systems on the basis of internal combustion engines
(Diesel, Otto, Stirling and gas turbines) generate electricity
with low CHP coefficients and mainly produce heat (approx.
2/3). The efficiency of a SOFC stack can amount to 80 %.
Electrical efficiency and electrical power of a SOFC stack are
essential for its profitable operation. The highest power density and electrical efficiency can only be achieved with planar
SOFC stacks. Electrolyte supported cells with 10SCSZ electrolytes allow power densities of more than 500 mW/cm². On
account of the thermomechanical properties this potential can
only be used in stacks with chromium based (especially CFY
from Plansee SE) interconnects. High power, robustness and
long-term stability are essential for stationary SOFC systems. In
order to fulfil these requirements Fraunhofer IKTS designs in
close collaboration with Plansee a new stack design with
higher active area, simple cathode contact, external cathode
manifold and optimized interconnect layer. The verification of
the new design confirmed that the stack performance can be
scaled to higher active areas. Current development is focused
on long-term stability, temperature cycling, reliability of SOFC
stack assembling, and system integration.
1 Interconnect with contact
- Testing of components in a SOFC stack in terms of suitability
and long-term stability under real test conditions
- Integration of SOFC stacks in modules and systems
52
layer.
2 Assembling of a high power
SOFC stack.
DEPARTMENT:
SMART MATERIALS
AND SYSTEMS
D r. An d reas S c h ö n e ck e r
The Smart Materials and Systems department uses its
extensive experience in science and engineering to
develop and integrate industry-relevant dielectric
functional ceramics into devices, microsystems and
tion of dielectric advanced ceramics in the form of raw materi-
active structures. The department solves complex, in-
als, devices and integrated functional elements
terdisciplinary problems in optimization processes
comprising the entire value chain from material syn-
- Studies and concept development
thesis to functional verification in prototype systems.
- Materials and process development
- Device development and integration, manufacturing of pro-
Optimization occurs at various levels, including in-
totypes
creasing functionality of individual materials, com-
- Supply of key functional materials and components
bining various material properties as composites, and
- Characterization of dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric
adjusting components of the system environment.
functional properties
- Vibration and sound field measurements
The department has special competence in the field
of complex perovskites which introduce actuating,
sensing and electronic functions in monolithic de-
- Modeling and simulation to design systems for sensors, actuators and ultrasonic transducers
- Scientific tool building for special equipment
vices and material composites with polymers, metals,
glasses and other ceramics. For thick film, multilayer
and piezocomposite technologies the complete tech-
nological development process is available. This expertise, combined with unique modeling and
Technologies
characterization tools, allows for innovative develop-
- Powder technology, screen printing, casting technologies
ments in the field of piezo technology, adaptronics/
- Piezoceramic multilayer technology, CSD, CVD, PVD, CMP
mechatronics, microsystem and microenergy technol-
- Micromachining
ogy. The department uses CVD, PVD and sol-gel techniques as well as reactive ion etching for thin film
Numerical tools
preparation. On the basis of this technology portfo-
- CAD: Solid Works, Autodesk Inventor
lio, new material solutions for semi-conductor tech-
- FEM: ANSYS, ATTILA, FlexPDE
nology and wear protection are developed.
- Circuit simulation: PSPICE
- System simulation: Matlab Simulink, SCILAB, PSPICE
Hardware
- Platforms: HC12, Power PC, MSP 430
53
Measurement technology
- Piezo measurement technology, material parameters for
high electric field strengths (to 100 kV), high and low temperatures (-190 °C to 700 °C) as well as high and low frequencies (mHz to 12 GHz), laser interferometer (< 5 nm)
- Ultrasonic measurement technology, scanning laser
vibrometer
- One-wavelength multi-angle ellipsometer, spectroscopic reflectrometer (300 mm mapping option)
- Test stand for reliability and operational conditions
- Test stand for measuring of hardness
Dielectric Ceramics and
Composites, Piezoceramics
Phone +49 351 2553-508
Piezo Systems
andreas.schoenecker@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Functional Layers for
Dr. Ingolf Endler
Microelectronics and Wear
Phone +49 351 2553-693
Protection
ingolf.endler@ikts.fraunhofer.de
54
1
2 μm
2
1 μm
NOVEL ALUMINUM-BASED HARD COATINGS
BY CVD
Dr. M a ndy H öhn, D r. I n g o lf E n d l e r
For the machining of new materials powerful wear-resistant
coatings of high hardness and oxidation resistance are required. For this reason, the Fraunhofer IKTS is engaged in the
modification of state-of-the-art layers as well as in the development of new coatings.
Among them are composite layers consisting of aluminum
chromium oxide (Al,Cr)2O3 and chromium carbides CrxCy (Fig-
- Development of coatings and deposition of prototype coatings
- Complex characterization of coatings
Flank wear mark vB versus cutting distance for milling
42CrMo4V steel
ure 1). The deposition of layers with chromium contents of up
to 13 at % is possible. CVD composites generated in this way
show a high hardness of 27 GPa and a high wear resistance.
At milling 42CrMo4V steel the novel composite coating has a
lower flank wear than a state-of-the-art alumina coating (see
diagram). The CVD process is based on a newly developed
precursor consisting of ternary chlorides. By systematic process
optimization coatings with different chromium contents as
well as multilayer coatings were deposited.
The development of fine-grained alumina coatings is another
focus of IKTS research (Figure 2). In addition to the thermodynamically stable α-phase (corundum) alumina forms a series of
polymorphs. At Fraunhofer IKTS a coating was developed consisting of a phase mixture of γ-Al2O3 and θ-Al2O3. This layer
shows a nanocrystalline structure with grain sizes between 50
and 150 nm as well as a Vickers hardness of up to 28 GPa.
1 Cross-section of a composite
Such values belong to the highest which have been achieved
coating consisting of (Al,Cr)2O3
for alumina coatings. The fine-grained structure allows for a
and CrxCy.
low surface roughness. Moreover, this layer shows a high oxi-
2 Cross-section of a nanocrys-
dation resistance. The preparation of multilayer systems pro-
talline alumina layer consisting
vides another potential for the improvement of wear
of a phase mixture of γ-Al2O3
resistance.
and θ-Al2O3.
55
1
2
1.2 mm
600 μm
ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS > 10 MHZ
FROM CONCEPT TO SYSTEM
D ipl. - Ing. T ho m a s R ö d i g , Di p l .-I n g . S te fa n U hl i g
There is a general trend in ultrasound technology to use
precision transducer properties are predictable by vibration
higher operation frequencies. This allows for analyzing
and sound field analysis. System analysis, as next level, is done
smaller structures with higher resolution. The advantages are
by electromechanical simulation of the entire ultrasonic trans-
obvious. Images in medical applications evince an incompara-
ducer including electronics and acoustic loads. This method
bly higher resolution and non-destructive testing of materials
transforms the physical characteristics in electrical networks
helps to identify smaller defects. One general drawback, ac-
and allows the application of SPICE®, which is a commercial
companied with higher operation frequencies, might be the
and widespread software tool for system simulations.
increase of damping of the acoustic waves within the
medium and at interfaces. Presently, this disadvantage can
be compensated by high-end electronic devices for signal
Manufacturing
processing and improved algorithms of the signal identification. The technological effort to produce high-frequency ul-
Manufacturing of high-frequency ultrasonic transducers be-
trasound transducers is extremely high, which is primarily
yond 10 MHz is highly sophisticated and requires the mastery
due to the fact that the physical dimensions of the trans-
of individual processes in their entirety, covering powder syn-
ducer elements need to be downscaled within low toler-
thesis, shaping and finishing, metallization and preparation of
ances. For example, interface layers already at sub-μm
matching and damping layers.
dimension can account for high interference signals. Our
R&D efforts are directed to the development of a coordi-
A variety of special molding technologies, suitable for the
nated technology chain for piezoelectric ultrasonic transduc-
manufacturing of high-frequency ultrasound transducers, has
ers as well as performance improvements in the context of
been developed at Fraunhofer IKTS and is ready to use. Most
systems and marketability.
notably are piezoelectric ceramic thick films up to 170 μm,
piezoelectric ceramic fibers with diameters ranging between
100 and 800 μm and molding techniques for 1-3 composites
Design
with variable geometries. Matching layers enhance the
acoustic coupling between transducer and the medium under
Based on customer specifications, we first develop an appro-
test. Heterogeneous ceramic-polymer composites with defined
priate device structure using analytical modeling. The estimate
acoustic properties can be prepared as suitable matching ma-
serves as starting point for a detailed FE analysis, which in-
terial by using ceramic fillers in form of powders, granulate
cludes acoustic coupling or simulation. According to our expe-
materials or “crushed bodies”. Our special manufacturing
rience, the simulation package “Atila” in combination with
process allows for reproducible and defect-free deposition of
pre and post processing GID is best suited in this respect. High
the matching layer on the front side of the transducer. The
56
42 μm
52 μm
3
50 μm
4
backside damping layer can be prepared by the same technique offering additional variants for further improvements of
Pulse response of a high-frequency ultrasonic transducer
(without matching and backing layer)
the acoustic properties, e.g. the band width. Lapping and polishing technologies allow for controlling the layer and transducer thicknesses with micrometer accuracy. Array designs can
be prepared by using the related screen print layout, appropriate fiber arrangement or post processing with a wafer saw.
Characterization
The complex functionality of ultrasonic transducers requires
substantial tests and measurements during manufacturing and
final inspection. Electrical measurements represent relatively
simple methods, which are very useful for the characterization
of performance data during processing, but they are very limited to predict acoustical properties. Laser vibrometry can be
used for vibration analysis and is established in our laboratory
for frequencies up to 20 MHz. Sound field analyses as part of
final inspection is inevitable, as it is the only way for proving
the operational performance. Different methods, for example
pulse-echo measurement, transmission measurement as well
as sound field measurements with help of a hydrophone
within a water basin are available.
- Design and layout of ultrasonic transducers for frequencies
> 10 MHz for medical imaging applications, non-destructive
testing, elastography, and laser sonography
- Technology developments and effective fabrication methods
1 Wafer saw.
- Modeling and simulation of vibration behavior and gener-
2 Alternative ceramic structures
ated sound fields
- Characterization and determination of piezoelectric and
acoustic properties in air and water
for ultrasonic transducers.
3 Typical dimensions of the ceramic pillars for high-frequency
ultrasonic transducers.
4 Polishing tool.
57
1
2
MANUFACTURING OF ACTIVE COMPOUNDS
USING PLASTIC INJECTION MOLDING
D r. L ut z S e ff n e r, D r. Ta s s i l o M o ri tz , D r. A ndreas Sc hönec ker
The broad application of active system concepts requires series
The injection tool was built up as modular system with ex-
compatible assembling technologies to arrange a number of
changeable inserts allowing for the manufacturing of a second
individual, partly sensitive parts within an active compound
prototype with the same tool (Figure 2). Tests under cyclic
device. The present investigation was aimed at proving the ap-
electrical load were performed, indicating no degradation up
plicability of the plastic injection molding process to assemble
to 5*107 cycles. Injection molded active compounds can be
several semi finished products to one active compound device
used, for example, in automotive production or as power actu-
in only one single manufacturing step. Semi-finished products
ators in microtechnology, handling and actuator systems.
cover piezoelectric actuators or sensors, clamping elements,
joints, mechanical and electrical connections and electronic cir-
This work was performed in collaboration of Fraunhofer IKTS
cuits, for example. All the parts involved are exposed to high
Dresden with Fraunhofer IWU Chemnitz and Fraunhofer ICT
thermal and mechanical loads during the plastic injection
Pfinztal and was funded by the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft within
molding process. So, the basic question to be answered was
the framework of a special program for SME customers.
to find out possible process conditions to combine piezoelectric stack actuators, complementary mechanical elements and
electrical connections within one active compound without
damage. To examplify all possibilities a complex prototype (actuator with inherent stress-strain transformation) was de-
Development of robust sensor and actuator modules based on
signed (Figure 1). Plastic injection molding as assembling
plastic injection molding and manufacturing of prototypes ac-
technology was shown to be well suited, if appropriate tool
cording to customers request
geometries and processing conditions are met. In our case
nine individual parts (two multilayer actuators with internal
wiring, clamping elements, mechanical and electrical interfaces) were fixed within the injection tool and combined to
one active compound. Tight fits and undercuts were used for
a good mechanical connection to the polymer. All prototypes
were manufactured using an Allrounder 370C injection molding machine (ARBURG GmbH) and acrylonitrile butadiene
1 Actuator with inherent stress-
styrene copolymer (ABS) as plastic. All prototypes manufac-
strain transformation.
tured were fully functioning (deflection: 220 μm, blocking
2 Multilayer actuator with
force: 65 N), with still improveable design of strain transforma-
metal end caps with plastic en-
tion.
casement.
58
1
2
10 mm
ROBUST SENSOR / ACTUATOR MODULES
BASED ON LTCC / PZT LAMINATES
Di p l .-I n g. Ma r k us F lö s s e l , Dr. S y l vi a G e b h a rd t
Adaptronic components use integrated sensors and actuators in
nents by metal die casting within the DFG project SFB/TR 39
combination with adjusted electronics for controlling and regu-
“PT-PIESA”. A false-color X-ray image of a metal plate with in-
lating the structural dynamic properties such as vibration damp-
tegrated LTCC/PZT module can be seen in Figure 2. For the
ing or noise suppression. The direct integration of sensors and
structural health monitoring of fiber-reinforced structures, ul-
actuators in metal structural components requires the develop-
trasound transducers made of LTCC/PZT modules were pro-
ment of robust sensor/actuator modules which can withstand
duced (Figure 1) within the BMBF project “SHM-MiFaLu”.
the harsh conditions of the metal shaping process step (e.g. die
With this impact on airplane structures could be detected and
casting) without defects, and which are electrically insulated
analyzed.
against the metal matrix. Such modules were successfully developed by integrating PZT plates in LTCC (Low Temperature
LTCC/PZT module setup (schematic)
Cofired Ceramic) multilayer structures. This approach combines
LTCC microsystem technology and piezotechnology and allows
for a combination of the advantages of both systems like 3D
wiring, complex shaping and integration of electronic compo-
PZT
nents, sensors, actuators as well as ultrasound transducers.
The novel piezolayer technology uses sintered PZT (lead-zir-
LTCC
conate-titanate) plates which are laminated with LTCC green
tapes and subsequently heat treated (see diagram). It is the
challenge to avoid stress cracks in the LTCC during shrinkage on
the already sintered PZT material. This can be realized with a
LTCC material which has an anisotropic shrinkage behavior. The
Ag electrodes
technology allows to mechanically stabilize and to electrically insulate the piezoceramic part in the module. Internal wiring is
guaranteed by vias and Ag conducting paths which are applied
1 Ultrasound transducer for
through screen printing. According to the field of application
structural health monitoring
the modules exists of three to eight LTCC layers which are lami-
(cooperation: IZFP, TU Dresden
nated and isostatically pressed with each other. Then, the parts
IAVT).
are green machined to obtain final size and sintered applying
2 LTCC/PZT module cast in alu-
uniaxial pressure. The so produced sensor/actuator modules
minum component (false-color
were successfully integrated into thin-walled aluminum compo-
X-ray).
59
1
2
10 μm
3
PRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL CERAMIC
FIBERS USING THE POLYSULFONE PROCESS
D ipl. - Ing. U w e S c h e i th a u e r, Di p l .-I n g . (FH ) Robert Jurk
In comparison with other competing technologies for the production of ceramic fibers the polysulfone process is character-
Composition of the combustion gas in the reformer test site
ized by a reduced process control at room temperature, the
exclusive use of synthetic raw materials, and the huge variability of realizable cross-section dimensions and geometries. In cooperation with IfWW of TU Dresden, the process which was
originally used for the production of filtration membranes and
hollow fibers, is further developed at Fraunhofer IKTS in order
to spin functional ceramic fibers with specific custom-designed
qualities. Within the SFB/TR 39 project, e.g., piezoceramic fullfibers with a very small porosity are developed which are finished to piezoceramic fiber composites with a duroplastic or
thermoplastic matrix. These elements can be integrated in
lightweight structures to realize smart lightweight elements
with integrated sensors, actuators, generators or ultrasonic
transducers.
Another field of research is the development of ceramic fibers
which can be finished to nonwovens and used as catalyst supports of high mechanical resistance for high-temperature
processes. For this purpose, fibers with a huge active surface
are produced, processed to permeable non-woven structures
with almost no restrictions for geometry, and subsequently sintered. Then, the structures are coated with a catalytically active
material. The catalytic activity is characterized in a special reformer test site. Figure 1 exemplifies the composition of the
combustion gas for an ethanol reforming process in which the
newly developed coated zirconia fibers and a commercially
available honeycomb structure were tested. Both measurements show a nearly complete reformation of the ethanol
1 Piezoceramic fiber composite.
without degeneration, but there are significantly fewer geo-
2 Cross-section of fiber.
metric restrictions for the fibers.
3 Ceramic non-woven structure.
60
DEPARTMENT:
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING AND
BIOENERGY
D r. Mic h ael S tel ter
D r. Ing o lf Vo i g t ( eff e c t iv e f r o m F e b r u a r y 2 0 1 0)
Research and development objectives of the Environ-
mental Engineering and Bioenergy department include process and system development in the field of
drinking water purification, wastewater and sludge
treatment for municipal and industrial wastewater
treatment plants, and renewable energy generation.
- Innovative process and system development in the environmental field: development, practicability, commercialization
- Realization of disintegration systems for biomass treatment
as well as support in projects by engineers and scientists
An interdisciplinary team of experts qualified in the
- Determination of gas potential of biogenic substrates
fields of process engineering, residential water man-
- Determination of reaction kinetics for anaerobic digestion
agement and environmental processing technology
develops innovative processes and systems for the national and international market.
processes
- Complex system analysis by using special measurement technology for problem solving or reduction operating costs
- Concepts for industrial water treatment and material recycling
Our new disintegration module system has been introduced to the international market for wastewater
- Application engineering and evaluation of potential use for
membrane technology
sludge treatment and is expected to find many appli-
- Ultrasound applications and simulation of cavitation fields
cations in the field of biomass treatment. It is the
- Expertises and expert opinions
short-term goal of our innovative and future-oriented
research to increase both the quantity and quality of
biogas produced by the system. An attractive syner-
gistic effect is achieved by using biogas in solid oxide
fuel cells (SOFC) developed at the Fraunhofer IKTS.
Within the framework of production-integrated environmental protection of natural resources (water and
raw materials), we are currently researching energy
management life cycle analysis in the ceramic industry. A further area of research is the removal of environmentally harmful substances (pollutants and
synthetic additives) from treated wastewater using
modern environmentally sound methods (membrane
technology and hygienization).
Stationary and mobile measurement technology
Particle measurement / millimeter-scale to nanometer-scale:
Test sieves, laser diffraction spectrometer, Fibre Shape, Sysmex
FPIA-3000, HPPS, centrifuge, Turbiscan, turbidity measurement, zeta potential measurement, particle charge detectors,
process viscosimeter
Microscopes / microbiological measurement:
Transmitted light and fluorescence microscope, spectral photometer for element analysis and enzyme determination, bacterial count and nutrient analysis
Environmental analysis / sample preparation:
Standard equipment, bucket and refrigerated centrifuge,
membrane filtration
61
Stationary and mobile technical equipment
Homogenization and comminution equipment:
High-speed homogenizer, ultrasound technology, cutting mill,
disintegration module system
Anaerobe / aerobe technology:
Wastewater treatment plant, fermentation reactor (1 l, 5 l, 10 l)
Flocculation and dewatering equipment:
Laboratory decanter and frame filter press, flocculation reactor
Hygienization:
UV hygienization plant, drying chambers, sterilizer
Process and System
Dr. Hannelore Friedrich
Characterization
Phone +49 351 2553-537
hannelore.friedrich@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Systems Integration
Dr. Eberhard Friedrich
Phone +49 351 2553-826
eberhard.friedrich@ikts.fraunhofer.de
62
1
2
STRAW – AN ATTRACTIVE SOURCE OF
ENERGY
Dr. Ebe r ha rd F r ie dr ich , D i p l .-I n g . A n d ré Wu fk a , D r. H annel ore F ri edri c h
Straw as a by-product of wheat, corn and rapeseed production
occurs in large amounts in Europe every year, and currently, is
insufficiently used for fuel production and in the process of
- Analytical determination and evaluation of biogas and resid-
combustion. Due to its high content of lignocellulose, the con-
ual gas potential of substrates and biogenic residues as well
version of the organic content into biogas has been limited so
as necessary nutrients and trace substances for fermentation
far. This method, however, provides a significant additional energetic potential. By using thermomechanical extrusion before
anaerobic degradation the fibrous structures can be modified
resulting in an acceleration of the hydrolysis process and a
more extensive degradation of the organic components.
- Definition of procedures and design of fermentation
processes taking regional substrates into account, evidence
of economic efficiency
- Consultancy, instrumentation and engineering support for
existing biogas plants
In fermentation tests according to the VDI guideline 4630 a
60 % increase in biogas output based on the maximum possi-
Change of gas output of wheat straw by bioextrusion™
ble effect with complete NaOH decomposition could be detected (see diagram). In continuous pilot-scale field trials using
extruded straw a stable methane yield of 270 lNCH4/kgoTRfed at
an average loading rate of 2.25 kgoTR/m³VRd could be proved
over a period of 200 days. So, the extrusion with digestion of
lignocellulose substrates provides a technically and economically attractive alternative to renewable resources used for biogas production so far.
1 Biogas pilot plant Fraunhofer
IKTS.
Saxony.
2 Extruded wheat straw.
63
1
2
SEWAGE SLUDGE – AN INTERESTING
CO-SUBSTRATE
D ipl. - Ing. Bjö r n S ch wa rz, D r. H a n n e l o re F ri edri c h
Commercial trace element products are often used to eliminate the lack of nutrients and trace elements on agricultural
Development of process stability (minimum chemical oxygen
demand) for different co-substrates
biogas plants that otherwise would lead to operational problems especially in case of monofermentation of crops. At the
same time huge amounts of nutrients and trace elements
bound in municipal sewage sludge are destroyed by thermal
disposal.
Long-term experiments on quasi-continuous fermentation of
corn silage verified that only processes with adequate supply
of trace elements (addition of manure [R2] or liquid waste activated sludge of a wastewater treatment plant [R1]) can be operated efficiently over a long period.
Process of laboratory fermentation
The addition of sewage sludge (liquid or dried) had the same
long-term stabilizing effect on fermentation of corn silage as
commercial trace element products. That is why the evidence
in principle for a useful combination of sewage sludge and
agricultural biogas production could be generated. Further advantages (e.g. increase of fertilizer value of outlet products) as
well as possible risks (e.g. contaminants in sewage sludge)
have to be studied systematically before the method is transferred into practice.
Even with recirculation of the liquid phase (maximum retention of trace elements) the monofermentation of corn silage
could not be operated efficiently for more than one year (R3-
R5).
1 Digested sludge (dry-product).
Saxony.
2 Commercial trace elements.
64
1
2
DISINTEGRATION PROCESS – EFFORT AND
BENEFITS FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION
Dr. Ebe r ha rd F r ie dr ich , D r. H a n n e l o re F ri e d ri ch , D r. Kari n Jobs t, D i pl .-I ng. M arc L i nc ke
By definition, disintegration means the decomposition of ex-
used for the technical size reduction of renewable resources.
isting structures by applying external forces. The following
This procedure was found to be particularly effective and sta-
figure shows a schematic overview of available disintegration
ble in operation. For ensiled substrates a combination of de-
methods.
conservation, size reduction, separate hydrolysis and an
innovative process management is advantageous. In collaboration with Lehmann Maschinenbau GmbH these process steps
physical
were implemented in a container for substrate pretreatment.
mechanical
thermal
electrical
shear
hot water
high-voltage pulsing
impact
superheated steam
ture, if the economic efficiency can be improved. The use of
pressure
high pressure thermal
hydrolysis
chemicals is considered critically because of environmental im-
chemical
biological
acid
enzymes
base
fermentation
oxidant
Thermal disintegration processes have a potential for the fu-
pact. The use of commercial enzymes and high-power ultrasound as disintegration method are to be analyzed to evaluate
the effectiveness. Future development activities should concentrate on a substrate-oriented and energetic improvement
of existing size reduction technologies. Another focus is on biological hydrolysis in order to use the disintegration potential
of plant biocenosis.
The target-specific application of disintegration processes can
significantly increase the economic efficiency of biogas plants
because of a better utilization of the input substrates and an
improvement of the reaction conditions in the digester. The
disintegration of the input substrates leads to a decrease in
viscosity of the digestate and a reduction of the floating and
sinking layers which improves the mass and heat transport in
the digester. This results in a reduction of internal consumption of electricity and operational disturbances, for example by
clogging. Own studies show that a mechanical size reduction
of the input substrates, especially with a high content of per-
sistent substances (e.g. lignocellulose), leads to a considerable
1 SVC screw press PP 7 RL.
improvement of the anaerobic degradation. Bioextrusion was
Saxony.
2 SVC bioextruder B22e.
65
1
2
DISINTEGRATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE
SUCCESSFUL CONTINUOUS OPERATION
D r. H a nne lore F ri e d ri ch , D i p l .-I n g . F ra n zi s ka Saft, D i pl .-I ng. Ralf Ei c hs tätter, D r. Ron Sc humann
The process of disintegration of sewage sludge has already
established in industry. It is used in waste water treatment
Two-line system disintegration module system
plants with anaerobic digestion to reduce operating costs by
increasing the biogas output and reducing the amount of
sludge to be disposed. Since 2005 the highly efficient disintegration module system (DMS) developed by Fraunhofer IKTS
Dresden has been available at the market. It contributes to an
ecological and economical operation on waste water treatment plants in Germany and abroad.
In the first step of disintegration the sludge is mechanically
pretreated in a dispersing unit to disintegrate the sludge flocs,
grated. With an energy input of 3.15 kWh/m³ the DMS oper-
reduce the viscosity and homogenize the suspension. This is
ated efficiently.
an important prerequisite for a high effectiveness of the following ultrasound treatment during which the particles are
Introducing the disintegration technology on the waste water
disintegrated and enzymes are activated.
treatment plant Chemnitz-Heinersdorf the biogas production
was increased by 15.5 %, the disposal sludge was reduced by
Based on intensive research and development the DMS was
6 % and the DS of the digested and dewatered sludge in-
equipped with an innovative monitoring system as well as a
creased on average by 1.6 percentage points. By the specific
sound insulation and it was tested in continuous operation on
optimization of the flocculation and dewatering processes it
the waste water treatment plant Chemnitz-Heinersdorf.
was possible to reduce the demand of flocculants (at least
1.2 kg flocculants/t DS).
In August 2008, the DMS which was designed as a two-line
system and equipped with an online monitoring system was
These results led to a reduction of operating costs of 155,761
put into operation for the first time on the waste water treat-
euro per year. The savings are accompanied by expenses for
ment plant Chemnitz-Heinersdorf. This design allows for a se-
energy, maintenance, wearing parts and depreciation (ten
rial and parallel connection of the modules.
years) of 68,956 euro per year. During the one-year evaluation period it was not necessary to replace wearing parts. For
During the one-year evaluation period the DMS was stable in
this reason these expenses were calculated. So the waste
operation and the disintegration effects were constant.
water treatment plant saves a total of 88,805 euro per year.
Within one year 36,699 m³ of surplus sludge were disinte66
3
Effectiveness and operational stability of the system could be
successfully proven by using online monitoring and realizing
Operating hours of the disintegration module system
an intensive measurement program on site.
Based on the savings achieved in the first year of operation
the payback period will be less than three years. Further significant advantages of the DMS are the compact and low
maintenance design and the high operational stability. The
modular design and the standardized power and signal connections allow a flexible adaptation to customers’ needs and
local conditions.
- Evaluation of the potential of cost reduction by using the
DMS
Standardized system
(for flexible installation or installation in a container)
- Practical tests on site with a fully equipped mobile DMS
- Design and installation of a DMS for continuous operation
and various applications
- Measurements and engineering support for the introduction
of the disintegration technology
- Optimization of flocculation and dewatering processes
1 Waste water treatment plant
Chemnitz-Heinersdorf.
2 DMS without sound
insulation.
3 DMS with sound insulation.
67
1
2
COMBINATION OF ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE
TOMOGRAPHY AND CFD
D r. K a r in J obs t, Di p l .-W i rt.-I n g . A n n e tt L omts c her
The knowledge regarding the use of appropriate stirrers in
Visualized mixing processes
anaerobic digesters is often not sufficient in practice. Despite a
PC
high power input of the impeller homogeneity is often not
achieved in the biogas reactor. Inappropriate stirrers and a disadvantageous height-to-diameter ratio of the reactor are considered to be the causes for inhomogeneity. Current research
within the framework of a joint project funded by the Saxon
State Ministry for Economic Affairs and Labour (SMWA)
showed that mixing and flow processes in stirred tank reactors
DAS
can be characterized and visualized by means of electrical
resistance tomography (ERT) (see diagram). The ERT system
Stirred tank reactor with
electrodes
takes measurements from the periphery of the reactor and
produces a cross-sectional, two-dimensional image showing
the distribution of electrical conductivity of the content.
Improvement of mixing quality by the pre-treatment of
substrates
Studies of the effect of the height-to-diameter ratio showed
that high reactors are to be preferred from the technical and
energetic point of view. A further improvement of the mixing
quality, described by homogeneity, can be achieved by the
pre-treatment of the substrates (see diagram). Additionally
using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the stirring system
is to be further optimized.
1 Digester effluent: opaque,
fibrous, non-Newtonian.
Saxony.
2 3D visualization by ERT.
68
RETROSPECTIVE
69
EVENTS, EXHIBITIONS
1
March 31, 2009
June 23, 2009
Press interview in the presence of Sigmar Gabriel
Annual conference of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and
presentation of the Joseph von Fraunhofer Prizes
At the end of March the then German environment minister
Sigmar Gabriel, the Saxon state ministers Thomas Jurk and Eva-
“Fraunhofer is in motion: 60 years motor for innovation.“
Maria Stange visited the Fraunhofer IKTS in Dresden accompa-
Under this slogan about 850 guests from politics, industry and
nied by 20 journalists to inform about the latest developments
science met in the Zenith-Kulturhalle in Munich on June 23,
in environmental and energy technology. In the press interview,
2009 to celebrate 60 years Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and to
the IKTS institute director Prof. Alexander Michaelis presented
honor the winners of the Fraunhofer science prizes. A very
new research results in the field of fuel cells, photovoltaics and
special guest at the annual conference was Chancellor Angela
emission reduction. Within the framework of the additional ex-
Merkel who pointed out the importance of the research or-
hibition the actual efforts and innovations were explained with
ganization.
the help of promising products and technologies.
The award-winning projects which were presented in an exciting show are positive examples to demonstrate how science is
June 19, 2009
useful to men. Prizes were awarded to innovations for traditio-
Long Night of Sciences
nal branches of industry like jewelry production as well as
technologies for the protection against counterfeit goods.
On June 19 all universities and research facilities of Dresden in-
Jörg Adler and Dr. Reinhard Lenk from Fraunhofer IKTS were
vited for the “Long Night of Sciences“. This event, which took
awarded with one of the three Joseph von Fraunhofer Prizes
place for the seventh time, found general approval of the visi-
for the development of a ceramic diesel particle filter. Based
tors. The stream of visitors did not stop until midnight. About
on a material, a porous silicon carbide ceramic, patented at
3000 visitors, among them there were a lot of children and
the Fraunhofer IKTS they developed a highly efficient ceramic
young people, came to get enthused about science.
diesel particle filter for off-road applications, such as diggers
70
2
3
and fork-lift trucks, but also city buses and garbage trucks, to-
September 24 and 25, 2009
gether with HUSS Umwelttechnik GmbH.
ISPA 2009: International Symposium on Macro Fiber
Composite Applications
CleanDieselCeramics GmbH, a subsidiary of HUSS, started to
produce the ceramic filters in May 2008.
On September 26 and 27 representatives of industry and
many research institutes met in Dresden at Fraunhofer IKTS for
the third International Symposium on Macro Fiber Composite
September 7 and 8, 2009
Applications, ISPA 2009.
Industrial seminar “Spray drying in powder technology“
The aim of the symposium ISPA 2009 was to give an overview
On September 7 and 8, the Fraunhofer IKTS invited for the
of the current status of the design-in of piezocomposite trans-
first industrial seminar “Spray drying in powder technology“.
ducers in commercial applications including aerospace, auto-
In ten conference papers and a poster exhibition speakers
motive, machinery and equipment, sporting goods, building
from industry and research institutions presented current deve-
and structures, as well as available electronic components and
lopment trends in the field of spray drying, product design as
software tools for designing new applications.
well as new and established methods for the characterization
of spray products. The services of the “Competence Center
Powder Technology“, particularly in preparation of suspensi-
1 German environment minister
ons and spray drying, were presented in an institute tour.
Sigmar Gabriel visiting Fraunhofer IKTS.
On September 7, the DKG/DGM working group “Processing
2 Presentation ceremony with
properties of synthetic ceramic materials“ invited its members
foam hat after successfully
and interested persons to its third meeting. The main focus of
doing a jigsaw puzzle on the
its activities is on the influence of raw material properties on
topic of “Production process of
their processing properties as well as on the quality of ceramic
ceramic foams“ during the Long
end products. Within the framework of the evening event
Night of Sciences.
Dr. Manfred Nebelung, head of the Fraunhofer IKTS working
3 Prof. Hans-Jörg Bullinger, pre-
group “Powder technology“ for many years and organizer of
sident of the Fraunhofer-Gesell-
the industrial seminar, was retired with all due ceremony. In
schaft (left), awarding one of
the future, the competencies of the working group are further
the three Joseph von Fraunhofer
developed by the new head Dr. Manfred Fries, and are availa-
Prizes to Jörg Adler and Dr.
ble for partners from industry and research as usual.
Reinhard Lenk (center) for the
development of “Ceramic diesel
The consistently positive feedback of the 80 participants
particle filters for non-road ap-
shows that there is a great interest in continuing such a semi-
plications“. Dr. Thomas Rahn
nar format on parts of the complex field “powder techno-
(right), managing director of the
logy“.
CleanDieselCeramics GmbH, also
attended the presentation.
71
1
2
The program included 30 papers of international renowned
year, and was held in Dresden again. Since the first conference
engineers and scientists, a poster session and product display
in 2004 the INSECT has become a successful symposium for a
with ten companies and institutions. More than 70 partici-
well-chosen topic in electrochemistry – ECM technology.
pants from sevens countries, among them USA, Switzerland,
More than 80 scientists and engineers from ten countries,
France, Belgium, Great Britain and Japan, used the opportu-
among them USA, France, Belgium, Switzerland and Russia,
nity to exchange ideas and contact other interested partners
attended the INSECT symposium in Dresden.
for the collaboration of new marketable products.
Due to the very positive response the next ISPA will take place
The 20 highly interested papers focused aspects of fundamen-
on September 22 and 23, 2011 in Dresden.
tal investigations of the electrode/electrolyte interface and applied material science as well as technical aspects like quality,
efficiency and equipment development. The symposium provi-
November 6 and 8, 2009
ded a unique forum to exchange ideas, to discuss and share
First Fraunhofer Talent School in Dresden
experiences among researchers and engineers involved in ECM
technology.
For the first time, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft organized a
Fraunhofer Talent School in Dresden. 32 talented and techni-
The next INSECT will take place in Brussels in 2010.
cally interested students of the tenth to thirteenth grade from
schools in Brandenburg, Hamburg, Hesse, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt visited the three-day work-
December 7, 2009
shop. There, they extensively studied current scientific problems
Informational meeting “The photovoltaic market in Slo-
in the field of energy and developed creative solutions.
vakia, Slovenia, Czech Republic and Hungary“
In the workshop at Fraunhofer IKTS everything was about the
More than 100 interested persons came to Fraunhofer IKTS on
promising technology of fuel cells. In exciting experiments the
December 7 to inform about developments and potentials in
students got to know how different kinds of fuel cells work
the field of photovoltaics in Southeast Europe.
and for what they are used. Furthermore, they built their own
Divisional manager Peter Nothnagel from the Saxon State Mi-
fuel cell.
nistry for Economic Affairs, Labour and Transport opened the
meeting where the representatives of the chambers of com-
The Fraunhofer IKTS will host the second Fraunhofer Talent
merce in Eastern Europe introduced the energy policy of their
School in Dresden in 2010.
countries. The meeting was supported by the “Export Initiative
Renewable Resources“ of the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, the German chamber of foreign trade
November 26 and 27, 2009
as well as the chamber of industry and commerce Dresden. It
INSECT 2009: International Symposium on ElectroChemi-
is their aim to support German companies in opening up new
cal Machining Technology
markets in the field of renewable energies abroad.
The International Symposium on ElectroChemical Machining
Technology INSECT 2009 celebrates its fifth anniversary this
72
3
4
January 22, 2010
On January 26, 30 students participated in laboratory tours
“Ceramics Vision“
and performed experiments at Fraunhofer IKTS and IWS to get
to know interesting facts about innovative materials and tech-
On January 22, the colloquium series “Ceramics Vision“, al-
nologies.
ready taking place for the seventh time, was not held in Dresden as usual, but in Hermsdorf celebrating the integration of
On March 30, Fraunhofer IFAM and FEP opened their doors to
the Hermsdorfer Institut für Technische Keramik into the
young students under the motto “Everything nano?“.
Fraunhofer IKTS. Under the motto “Integrated ceramic research from the idea to the product“ the potentials of innovative ceramic technologies for new solutions were presented in
interesting papers from industry and science.
Aside from current developments the prospects of ceramic applications and technologies were shown. The presentations covered a wide spectrum of materials, components and systems
1 Interested students perfor-
in markets such as electronics, mechanical engineering, photo-
ming experiments within the
voltaics, and fuel cell systems.
framework of the Talent School
at Fraunhofer IKTS.
The prime minister of the Free State of Thuringia, Christine
2 View into the conference hall
Lieberknecht, as well as representatives of the Saxon ministries
during the INSECT symposium.
opened the colloquium. Afterwards Prof. Hans-Jörg Bullinger,
3 Lisa Giszas (right, with trainer
president of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, presented the suc-
Regina Stockmann) completed
cessful model of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft as innovation
her training as chemical labora-
driver for industry. The colloquium was supplemented by tours
tory assistant at Fraunhofer IKTS
through the HITK where approx. 220 people participated.
in June 2009 as best of the Dresden and Saxon chambers of industry and commerce. On
January 26 and March 30, 2010
account of this performance
Fourth edition of Dresden’s junior doctor
Fraunhofer IKTS was awarded
the status of an “Excellent Trai-
In the school year 2009/2010 students from Dresden and sur-
ning Company“ by the Dresden
rounding area can again receive the doctorate. Equipped with
chamber of industry and com-
a personal junior doctor’s passport they go to different institu-
merce.
tions working in the field of science, medicine, economy and
4 Ceremonial handover of the
art. They visit laboratories, lectures, museums and archives,
new institute nameplate (left to
and experiment with scientists. In the end they have to answer
right: Prof. Michaelis, Dr. Voigts-
the questions in order to receive the doctorate and the much
berger, prime minister Lieber-
sought-after doctor’s cap on August 28, 2010.
knecht, Prof. Bullinger) at
Ceramics Vision.
73
1
Presentation of the Mentor Award of the “Friends of the
University of Applied Sciences of Zwickau“
Stefan Riedel, graduate of the dual university course “Microtechnology“ at the academic department of “Physical Engineering“ was awarded the Mentor Award of the “Friends of
the University of Applied Sciences of Zwickau“ in February
2010.
His diploma thesis which he wrote at Qimonda and which was
marked with very good deals with the investigation and optimization of dry etching processes for the manufacturing of
electronic memory modules.
At the moment, Stefan Riedel is working on his doctorate at
Fraunhofer CNT, which deals with the further development of
materials for semiconductor devices, and is supervised by
Prof. Michaelis and Prof. Krautheim.
Prof. Alexander Michaelis elected to the World Academy
of Ceramics
In the thirteenth election to the World Academy of Ceramics
(WAC) Prof. Alexander Michaelis has been approved in the category “Industry & Innovation“ as new member. Therewith he
is honored for his contribution of excellence to the advancement of ceramics.
The non-profit WAC limits its members to 200 academicians,
which contributed to new knowledge in ceramic theory and
practice. A rigorous selection procedure guarantees the exclusiveness and a high scientific quality of the members.
The new academicians will be presented and awarded with
1 Appointment of Prof. Alexan-
the WAC Diploma during the Opening Ceremony of the 12th
der Michaelis at the university
International Ceramics Congress of CIMTEC 2010 in Monteca-
council of the University of Ap-
tini Terme, Italy, in June 2010.
plied Sciences of Zwickau.
74
PARTICIPATION IN TRADE FAIRS AND
EXHIBITIONS
1
2
Enertec
Sensor + Test
Leipzig, January 27-29, 2009
Nuremberg, May 26-28, 2009
Joint stand of Fuel Cell Initiative Saxony
Joint stand “Research for the future – Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt,
Thuringia“
Nanotech
Tokyo, February 18-20, 2009
CleanTec Media Award
Joint stand of Saxony economic development corporation
Berlin, September 10-11, 2009
Hannover Messe
SOFC-XI
Hanover, April 20-24, 2009
11th International symposium on solid oxide fuel cells
Joint stand of TASK GmbH / Fraunhofer High-Performance
Vienna, October 4-9, 2009
Ceramics Alliance
Joint stand of Fraunhofer Fuel Cell Initiative Saxony
Joint stand of Fraunhofer Energy Alliance
SMT/HYBRID/PACKAGING 2009
1 Thomas Jurk (right), the then
Nuremberg, May 5-7, 2009
Saxon State Minister for Econo-
Joint stand of VDI/VDE
mic Affairs and Labour, at the
IKTS booth at Enertec 2009.
ACHEMA
2 The visitors of the Hannover
29th World exhibition congress on chemical engineering,
Messe showed an interest in the
environmental protection and biotechnology
new diesel particle filters for
Frankfurt/Main, May 11-15, 2009
non-road and heavy-duty applications.
75
PA R T I C I PAT I O N I N T R A D E FA I R S A N D
EXHIBITIONS
1
Biotechnica
DKG Autumn Symposium
Hanover, October 6-8, 2009
Erlangen, November 30 - December 3, 2009
Joint stand “Research for the future – Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt,
Thuringia“
Euromold
Frankfurt/Main, December 2-5, 2009
EuroPM
Joint stand of Fraunhofer Additive Manufacturing Alliance
Copenhagen, October 12-14, 2009
Sensor Symposium
Ceramitec
Dresden, December 7-9, 2009
Munich, October 20-23, 2009
Joint stand of TASK GmbH / Fraunhofer High-Performance
Ceramics Alliance
TIB. International technical fair
Bucharest, Romania, October 28-31, 2009
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
Hagen Symposium
Hagen, November 24-28, 2009
IMAPS USA 2009
International symposium on microelectronics
Rhode Island, USA, November 2-6, 2009
Productronica
International trade fair for innovative electronics production
Munich, November 10-13, 2009
Joint stand with ANCeram GmbH
Fuel Cell Seminar & Exposition
Palm Springs, California, November 16-20, 2009
Fuel Cell Theme Day
1 Fraunhofer IKTS presented
Chemnitz, November 19, 2009
sustainable technological trends
at the CO2 neutral “Clean Tech
Media Award“ presentation in
the ewerk in Berlin.
76
COOPERATION IN GROUPS, ALLIANCES
AND NETWORKS
Scientists at IKTS Dresden are active in numerous thematically
German Ceramic Society e.V. (DKG)
oriented groups, networks and associations.
Our customers benefit from this by having a coordinated
German Society for Materials Research e.V. (DGM)
range of joint services available to them.
European Research Association for Sheet Metal Working e.V.
(EFB)
Membership in Fraunhofer groups, alliances, networks
and demonstration centers
European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA)
Fraunhofer Group for Materials and Components
Expert Group on Ceramic Injection Molding (Working Group
in the German Ceramic Society e.V. )
Ceramics Meeting Point in Dresden
Research Association on Welding and Allied Processes of the
Fraunhofer High-Performance Ceramics Alliance
German Welding Society (DVS)
Fraunhofer Demonstration Center AdvanCer
Research Association for Diesel Emission Control
Technologies e.V. (FAD)
Fraunhofer Adaptronics Alliance
Society for Knowledge and Technology Transfer of
Fraunhofer Energy Alliance
TU Dresden mbH
Fraunhofer Nanotechnology Alliance
Association of Thermal Spraying e.V. (GTS)
Fraunhofer Numerical Simulation of Products, Processes
“TransNanoPowder“ Information and Consulting Center
Alliance
Materials Research Network Dresden e.V. (MFD)
Fraunhofer Additive Manufacturing Alliance
Meeting of Refractory Experts Freiberg e.V. (MORE)
Fraunhofer Water Systems Alliance (SysWasser)
NanoMat - Supraregional Network for Materials Used in
Fraunhofer Sensor Network
Nanotechnology
Association of Electrochemical Research Institutes e.V. (AGEF)
Nanotechnology Center of Excellence for
“Ultrathin Functional Layers“
Fuel Cell Initiative Saxony e.V.
BioMeT Dresden Network
DECHEMA - Society for Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology e.V.
Silicon Saxony
77
GROUPS, ALLIANCES,
NETWORKS
FRAUNHOFER GROUP FOR MATERIALS
AND COMPONENTS
The Fraunhofer Group for Materials and Components brings
- Raise the packing density and improve the performance cha-
together the expertise of the Fraunhofer Institutes that specia-
racteristics of components used in microelectronics and mi-
lize in materials science and related disciplines.
crosystems engineering
Materials research at the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft covers the
entire value chain, from the development of new materials
- Improve the resource use as well as the quality of the products made of those resources
and enhancement of existing materials, through manufacturing technology on a semi-industrial scale and the characterization of material properties, through to studies of their
The group comprises the Fraunhofer Institutes for
behavior when employed in components and systems. This research also extends to the components produced from such
- Applied Polymer Research IAP
materials and their behavior when employed in systems. In all
- Building Physics IBP
these areas, empirical tests in laboratories and pilot plants are
- Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS
routinely backed up by numerical simulation and modeling
- Chemical Technology ICT
techniques. The work of the Fraunhofer Group for Materials
- High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-Institut, EMI
and Components covers the full range of metallic and inor-
- Industrial Mathematics ITWM (associated member)
ganic non-metallic materials, polymers and materials created
- Manufacturing Engineering and Applied Materials Research
from renewable resources. The group invests its expertise pri-
IFAM
marily in areas of importance to the national economy such as
- Mechanics of Materials IWM
energy, health, mobility, information and communication
- Non-Destructive Testing IZFP
technology, building construction and the home environment,
- Silicate Research ISC
with the aim of producing system innovations by developing
- Solar Energy Systems ISE
materials and components tailored to specific applications.
- Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF
- Systems and Innovation Research ISI
- Wood Research, Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut, WKI
Among the medium-term goals of the group are to
- Increase safety and comfort and cut down the consumption
Chairman of the group
of resources in the areas of traffic engineering, mechanical
engineering and plant construction
- Enhance the efficiency of energy transformation and energy
storage systems
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Holger Hanselka
Fraunhofer LBF
Phone +49 6151 705-221
- Improve the biocompatibility and functions of materials employed in medical devices and biotechnology processes
78
www.werkstoffe-bauteile.de
1
CERAMICS MEETING POINT DRESDEN
Due to the cooperation of Fraunhofer IKTS, TASK GmbH and
its various members, the Ceramics Meeting Point could be
Members of Ceramics Meeting Point
further established as an inherent part of the technology
transfer landscape in Dresden. Many partners use the fast access to the research infrastructure of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft.
The spectrum ranges from the analysis and characterization of
materials to the exclusive development project for large-scale
production. The institute and the ceramic manufacturers draw
a bow from raw materials to systems and from prototypes to
series components.
TASK GmbH supports the Fraunhofer Demonstration Center
AdvanCer in conducting its workshops and training courses by
providing the required practice-relevant and market information. Close collaboration between the researchers of the
Fraunhofer Demonstration Center AdvanCer and the ceramic
manufacturers has enabled users to quickly realize their ideas.
Thus, a project forum for small and medium-sized companies
has developed facilitating contacts to project initiators and research institutes.
By visiting Ceramics Meeting Point within the framework of
numerous events taking place at Fraunhofer IKTS more than
2000 visitors could inform about ceramic product innovations
and manufacturers in 2009. Main focus of the external industrial exhibitions under the motto “Innovation by cooperation“
was on the Hannover Messe with a booth size of 300 m² and
the Ceramitec with a booth size of 400 m². This forum is in-
1 A delegation of Indonesian
creasingly used by suppliers and plant engineers. In this way,
industry representatives talking
technology projects are significantly facilitated.
with TASK managing director
Dr. Michael Zins (right).
79
GROUPS, ALLIANCES,
NETWORKS
1
THE FRAUNHOFER HIGH-PERFORMANCE
CERAMICS ALLIANCE
Systems development with high-performance ceramics
The topics are:
- Materials, technology
The application of high-performance ceramics allows for new
- Machining
applications in energy technology, mechanical and plant engi-
- Construction, testing
neering, and medical technology. Well-known examples are
combustion-chamber linings, roller bearings and implants. This
Through the AdvanCer newsletter, the Fraunhofer Demonstra-
innovative area has become an established field of expertise of
tion Center regularly informs about new developments related
the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft.
to the topic of high performance ceramics.
Seven Fraunhofer institutes have joined together to form the
Fraunhofer High-Performance Ceramics Alliance. The research
Fields of cooperation
activities of the alliance extend along the entire value added
chain − from modeling and simulation through application-ori-
- Materials development for structural ceramics, functional ce-
ented materials development and production and machining
ramics, fiber-reinforced ceramics, cermets, ceramic composi-
of ceramic parts to component characterization, evaluation
tes and adaptive composite materials
and non-destructive testing under application conditions. Cur-
- Component design and development of functional prototypes
rent R&D activities focus on joining and integration methods.
- Systems integration and verification of batch-production
In the Fraunhofer Demonstration Center AdvanCer the alli-
- Development of powder, fiber and coating technologies
ance’s institutes expanded their presentation, training and
- Materials, component and process simulation
consulting offerings in the field of high-performance ceramics.
- Materials and component testing, proof-testing and non-
capabilities
Using demonstration systems the added-value chain from
powder to component as well as the implementation of
destructive testing
- Defect analysis, failure analysis, quality management
knowledge, research and development in the form of products
and improved quality of life are shown. The Fraunhofer Demonstration Center AdvanCer supports small and medium-
Service offerings
sized companies in solving complex tasks ranging from
prototype development to technology transfer.
- Consulting and execution of feasibility studies
- Method and technology development
Since 2005, the Fraunhofer Demonstration Center AdvanCer
- Prototype development, technology transfer
has been offering training courses for technicians and engi-
- Completion of contract research, conceptualization and exe-
neers. The three parts being offered follow one after another,
but can also be taken as single courses.
80
cution of alliance projects
- Workshops, seminars, training programs
2
3
Institutes
Office leader
Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems
Dr. Reinhard Lenk
IKTS Dresden
Fraunhofer IKTS
www.ikts.fraunhofer.de
01277 Dresden
Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Berlin
Phone
+49 351 2553-539
www.ipk.fraunhofer.de
Fax
+49 351 2554-195
Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT Aachen
reinhard.lenk@ikts.fraunhofer.de
www.ipt.fraunhofer.de
www.hochleistungskeramik.fraunhofer.de
Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC Würzburg
www.advanced-ceramics.fraunhofer.com
www.isc.fraunhofer.de
Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM Freiburg
www.iwm.fraunhofer.de
Fraunhofer Institute for Non-Destructive Testing IZFP Saarbrücken
www.izfp.fraunhofer.de
Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF Darmstadt
www.lbf.fraunhofer.de
1 Shot-peened ceramic gears.
2 CerCut is one of seven proSteering committee
jects within the Fraunhofer Demonstration Center AdvanCer
Prof. Dr. Alexander Michaelis (spokesperson of the alliance)
that have already been comple-
Fraunhofer IKTS Dresden
ted. The prototype tool will now
be further qualified with indus-
Prof. Dr. Peter Gumbsch
trial partners.
Fraunhofer IWM Freiburg
3 Thermooptical measuring device for the characterization of
Prof. Dr. Fritz Klocke
ceramics in controlled atmo-
Fraunhofer IPT Aachen
sphere up to 2000 °C.
81
NAMES, DATES,
NAMEN,
DATEN, EVENTS
EREIGNISSE
P
AT E N T S , PAT E N T A P P L I C AT I O N S
Granted patents 2009
Endler, I.; Höhn, M.
einer Wiederholeinheit
stellen des Werkstoffes
Hartstoffbeschichtete Kör-
DE 10 2006 040 030
DE 10 2006 015 330
Adler, J.; Standke, G.;
per und Verfahren zu
Kopejzny, D.; Stephani, G.;
deren Herstellung
Kusnezoff, M.; Eichler, K.;
Schroth, S.; Michaelis, A.;
Kümmel, K.; Beckert, W.
DE 10 2007 000 512
Otschik, P.
Schneider, M.
Brennstoffzelleneinheit
Verfahren zur Ausbildung
DE 103 50 478
einer dielektrischen Dünn-
Wärmestrahlungsschutzschirm für Vakuum- und
Herrmann, M.; Martin, H.-P.
Schutzgasöfen
Verfahren zur Herstellung
EP 1 836 433
von Bauteilen mit einer
Kusnezoff, M.; Eichler, K.;
strat, mit dem Verfahren
Verschleißschutzbeschich-
Otschik, P.
hergestelltes Titansubstrat
Adler, J.; Martin, H.-P.;
tung, ein so hergestelltes
Interconnector for high-
sowie seine Verwendung
Richter, H.-J.
Bauteil sowie dessen Ver-
temperature fuel cell unit
DE 10 2007 026 086
Keramisches Heizelement
wendung
US 7 625 658
für elektrische Strahlungs-
DE 10 2007 063 517
heizkörper
DE 10 2004 023 483
schicht auf einem Titansub-
Siegel, S.; Zarges, G.
Otschik, P.; Eichler, K.;
Herrmann, M.; Bales, A.;
Megel, S.
eines keramischen Ver-
Schäfer, L.; Höfer, M.
Stapelbare Hochtempera-
bundwerkstoffes
Berger, L.-M.; Nebelung, M.;
Werkstück aus einem
turbrennstoffzelle
DE 10 2006 031 113
Vuoristo, P.; Mantyla, T.
Siliciumnitridsubstrat
EP 1 790 025
Coating powder used e.g.
sowie Verfahren zu seiner
in thermal spraying
Herstellung
Richter, V.
Sauchuk, V.; Lucke, K.;
JP 4282767
DE 10 2005 051 685
Polykristallines Hartstoff-
Kusnezoff, M.
pulver, Kompositwerkstoff
Funktionsschicht für Hoch-
Boden, G.; Thiele, S.;
Kusnezoff, M.; Ziesche, S.;
mit einem polykristallinen
temperaturbrennstoffzel-
Nebelung, M.
Paepke, A.
Hartstoffpulver und
len und Verfahren zur
Method for dispersing and
Verfahren zur Bestimmung
Herstellung
passivating particulate
von Diffusions- und/oder
eines polykristallinen Hart-
DE 10 2007 053 075
powders in water and
Austauschkoeffizienten
stoffpulvers
aqueous media
eines Werkstoffes
DE 10 2004 051 288
KR 10 0881072
DE 10 2007 037 203
Brückner, B.; Freytag, C.;
Kusnezoff, M.; Michaelis, A.;
Wessler, B.
Schönecker, A.
Stelter, M.
Bleifreier piezokeramischer
Quadbeck, P.; Hauser, R.;
Element zur Übertragung
Wiederholeinheit für einen
Werkstoff mit dem Misch-
Stephanie, G.
von Kräften
Stapel elektrochemischer
system Erdalkali-Perowskit
Offenzellige Titan-Metall-
DE 10 2006 012 917
Zellen, Stapelordnung und
und Bismuth-Metalloxid
schäume und Verfahren zu
Verfahren zum Herstellen
und Verfahren zum Her-
ihrer Herstellung
Trofimenko, N.; Mosch, S.;
Patent applications 2009
Schlenkrich, F.; Schröter, C.;
DE 10 2009 054 605
82
Belda, C.; Fritsch, M.;
per und Verfahren zur Her-
Durchkontaktierungen
und Kanalstrukturen in
Kusnezoff, M.; Feller, C.;
stellung hartstoffbeschich-
und Verfahren zu ihrer
Multilayertechnologie zur
Kretzschmar, C.
teter Körper
Herstellung
Verwendung in oder zum
Potentiometrischer Sensor
DE 10 2009 002 129
DE 10 2009 000 491
Aufbau von Reaktoren
mung der Konzentration
Jurk, R.; Scheithauer, U.;
eines ersten und eines
Beschichtete Körper aus
Schneider, M.; Pfeifer, T.
Partsch, U.; Neubert, H.
zweiten Gasbestandteils
Metall, Hartmetall, Cermet
Offenporige von einem
Hochstrom – und/oder
einer Gasprobe, insbeson-
oder Keramik sowie Ver-
Fluid durchströmbare
hochwärmeleitendes
dere zur kombinierten Be-
fahren zur Beschichtung
Struktur, Verfahren für die
Element in keramischen
stimmung von CO2 und O2,
derartiger Körper
Herstellung und deren Ver-
Mehrlagensystemen und
entsprechendes Bestim-
DE 10 2009 046 667
wendung
Verfahren zu seiner Her-
DE 10 2009 033 716
stellung
DE 10 2009 038 019
zur kombinierten Bestim-
mungsverfahren und Verwendung derselben
Grzesiak, A.; Reffle, O.;
DE 10 2009 031 773
Richter, H.-J.; Lenk, R.
Kroll, L.; Elsner, H.;
Vorrichtung und Verfahren
Heinrich, M.; Drossel, W.-G.;
Reuber, S.; Schlemminger, C.;
zur Beschichtung einer Ma-
Schönecker, A.
Schneider, M.; Pfeifer, T.
terialschicht auf eine Bau-
Piezoelektrisches Funk-
Hochtemperaturbrenn-
Metall, Hartmetall, Cer-
plattform oder auf
tionsmodul und Verfahren
stoffzellensystem mit
met, Keramik oder Halblei-
wenigstens eine auf der
zur Herstellung
einem Startbrenner
terwerkstoff sowie
Bauplattform befindlichen
PCT/DE2009/001392
DE 10 2009 037 145
Verfahren zur Beschich-
Materialschicht zur Herstel-
tung derartiger Körper
lung eines Gegenstandes
Kusnezoff, M.; Reuber, S.
Rödig, T.; Füssel, A.
DE 10 2009 028 577
im Wege eines generativen
Hochtemperaturbrenn-
Anpassungsschicht für
Herstellungsverfahrens
stoffzellensystem
Ultraschallwandler und
DE 10 2009 024 334
DE 10 2009 031 774
Metall, Hartmetall, Cermet
Heddrich, M.; Marschallek, F.;
Partsch, U.; Grießmann, H.;
oder Keramik sowie Ver-
Beckert, W.; Pfeifer, T.;
Kretzschmar, C.; Günther, H.;
Scheithauer, U.; Brückner, B.;
fahren zur Beschichtung
Stelter, M.; Jahn, M.; Belitz, R.;
Sommer, S.
Schönecker, A.
derartiger Körper
Pönicke, A.; Lorenz, C.
Elektrische Heizung
Vorrichtung für eine defi-
DE 10 2009 028 579
Festoxid-Brennstoffzellen-
DE 10 2009 010 666
nierte Positionierung von
DE 10 2009 002 494
DE 10 2009 021 680
faden- oder rohrförmigen
system
Endler, I.; Höhn, M.; Gebel, T.;
DE 10 2009 037 148
Partsch, U.; Schneider, M.;
elektrostriktiven, ferro-
Männel, D.; Jurk, R.;
elektrischen oder piezo-
Holl, S.; Lippold, G.;
Hentsche, M.; Kretzschmar, C.;
Goldberg, A.
keramischen Elementen
Mohsseni-Ala, S.J.; Auner, N.
Reppe, G.; Rebs, A.
3D-Mikro-Strukturierung
für die Herstellung von
Hartstoffbeschichtete Kör-
Metallisierte, hermetische
zur Erzeugung von Misch-
aktorisch und/oder senso-
Bauch, C.: Deltschew, R.;
83
PAT E N T A P P L I C AT I O N S
BOOKS AND PERIODICAL CONTRIBUTIONS
risch wirksamen Elementen
Books and periodical con-
Belda, C.; Fritsch, M.; Feller, C.;
A study of the Al-Mg-B
DE 10 2009 043 132
tributions
Westphal, D.; Jung, G.
ternary phase diagram
Stability of solid electrolyte
International Journal of Ma-
Stelter, M.; Partsch, U.;
based thick-film CO2 sensors
terials Research 100(2009),
Rabbow, T.; Goldberg, A.;
Jahn, M.; Marschallek, F.
Microelectronics Reliability
Nr.5, S.663-666
Schöne, J.; Schneider, M.
Cellular ceramics made of
49(2009), Nr.6, S.614-620
Kontaktelement zur
silicon carbide ceramics for
Stromaufnahme und
burner technology
Belov, Yu; Kreher, W.;
Springer, A.; Meißner, T.;
Stromableitung in strom-
Ceramic engineering & sci-
Nicolai, M.
Gelinsky, M.; Potthoff, A.;
erzeugenden elektroche-
ence proceedings 29(2009),
The evaluation of activation
Scholz, S.; Richter, V.;
mischen Zellen
Nr.7, S.271-286
parameters for ferro-electric
Schirmer, K.
switching in PZT ceramics
Tungsten carbide and
DE 10 2009 037 147
Busch, W.; Kühnel, D.;
Albert, F.; Schmidt, M.;
Ferroelectrics 391(2009),
tungsten carbide cobalt
Stelter, M.; Partsch, U.;
Geiger, M.; Flössel, M.;
Nr.1, S.42-50
nanoparticle toxicity: The
Rabbow, T.; Schöne, J.;
Michaelis, A.
Goldberg, A.; Schneider, M.
Laser soldering and laser
Berger, L.-M.; Stahr, C.C.;
take, leached ions and co-
Kontaktelement zum elek-
droplet joining for mechani-
Saaro, S.; Thiele, S.;Woydt,
balt bioavailability
trischen Kontaktieren
cal and electrical contacting
M.; Kelling, N.
Toxicology Letters 189(2009),
einer stromerzeugenden
of LTCC/PZT laminates
Dry sliding up to 7.5 m/s
Supplement 1, S.S185
elektrochemischen Zelle
Journal of Laser Micro/Nano-
and 800 degrees C of ther-
sowie Herstellungsverfah-
engineering (2009), publis-
mally sprayed coatings of
Dahms, S.; Gemse, F.; Basler,
ren für selbiges
hed online
the TiO2- Cr2O3 system and
U.; Martin, H.-P.; Triebert, A.
role of cellular particle up-
(Ti,Mo)(C,N)-Ni(Co)
Diffusion joining of silicon
Bastian, S.; Busch, W.;
Wear 267(2009), Nr.5-8,
nitride ceramics
Waeschke, U.; Kusnezoff, M.
Kühnel, D.; Springer, A.;
S.954-964
Estonian journal of enginee-
Kontaktelement für eine
Meißner, T.; Holke, R.;
elektrisch leitende Verbin-
Scholz, S.; Iwe, M.;
Biermann, H.; Martin, U.;
dung zwischen einer
Pompe, W.; Gelinsky, M.;
Aneziris, C.G.; Kolbe, A.;
Fries, M.; Michaelis, A.
Anode und einem Inter-
Potthoff, A.; Richter, V.;
Müller, A.; Schärfl, W.;
Produktgestaltung kera-
konnektor einer Hochtem-
Ikonomidou, C.; Schirmer, K.
Herrmann, M.
mischer Sprühgranulate
peraturbrennstoffzelle
Toxicity of tungsten carbide
Microstructure and com-
für die uniaxiale Pressver-
DE 10 2009 015 794
and cobalt-doped tungsten
pression strength of novel
dichtung zu großformati-
DE 10 2009 037 144
ring 15(2009), Nr.4, S.301-308
carbide nano-particles in
TRIP-Steel/Mg-PSZ composites
gen Bauteilen
Wätzig, K.; Krell, A.; Klimke, J.
mammalian cells in vitro
Advanced Engineering Mate-
Stuttgart : Fraunhofer Verlag,
Verfahren zur Synthese
Environmental Health Per-
rials 11(2009), S.1000-1006
2009 (Kompetenzen in Kera-
von Spinellpulver und so
spectives 117(2009), Nr.4,
erzeugtes Pulver
S.530-536
DE 10 2009 046 036
84
mik. Schriftenreihe 5). Zugl.:
Bodkin, R.; Herrmann, M.;
Freiberg, Univ., Diss., 2008
Coville-Neil, J.; Sigalas, I.
ISBN 978-3-8396-0039-9
Gogolewski, P.; Klimke, J.;
Liquid phase assisted den-
Huppertz, H.; Hering, S.A.;
Kollenberg, Wolfgang (Hrsg.):
Krell, A.; Beer, P.
sification of superhard B6O
Zvoriste, C.E.; Lauterbach, S.;
Technische Keramik : Grund-
Al2O3 tools towards
materials
Oeckler, O.; Riedel, R.; Kinski, I.
lagen-Werkstoffe-Verfahrens-
effective machining of
Journal of the European Ce-
High-pressure synthesis,
technik.
wood-based materials
ramic Society 29(2009),
electron energy-loss spec-
Essen : Vulkan, (2009), Kapi-
Journal of Materials Proces-
Nr.12, S.2611-2617
troscopy investigations,
tel 2.4.3, S.103-107
sing Technology 209 (2009),
Nr.5, S.2231-2236
and single crystal structure
Herrmann, M.; Räthel, J.;
determination of a spinel-
Kockrick, E.; Frind, R.;
Schulz, I.
type gallium oxonitride
Rose, M.; Petasch, U.;
Hering, S.A.; Zvoriste, C.E.;
Spark plasma sintering/
Ga2.790.21(O3.05N0.760.19)
Böhlmann, W.; Geiger, D.;
Riedel, R.; Kinski, I.
field assisted sintering of
Chemistry of Materials
Herrmann, M.; Kaskel, S.
A systematic investigation of
ceramic materials
21(2009), Nr.10, S.2101-2107
Platinum induced crosslin-
the stability field of spinel-
Interceram 58(2009), Nr.2-3,
type gallium oxonitrides
S.109-114
king of polycarbosilanes
Jahn, M.; Heddrich, M.
for the formation of highly
Brennstoffzellen für Bio-
porous CeO2 /silicon oxycar-
schung. B 64(2009), Nr.10,
Herrmann, M.; Kleebe, H.J.;
gas: Aufbau und Betrieb
bide catalysts
S.1115-1126
Raethel, J.; Sempf, K.;
eines SOFC-Systems
Journal of Materials Chemis-
Lauterbach, S.; Müller, M.M.;
Bley, T.; Deutsche Akademie
try 19(2009), Nr.11, S.1543-
Herrmann, M.
Sigalas, I.
der Technikwissenschaften
1553
Siliciumnitridwerkstoffe
Field-assisted densification
e.V. -acatech-: Biotechnologi-
of superhard B6O materials
sche Energieumwandlung.
Krell, A.; Klimke, J.; Hutzler, T.
Technische Keramik : Grundla-
with Y2O3/Al2O3 addition
Gegenwärtige Situation,
Advanced spinel and sub-
gen-Werkstoffe-Verfahrens-
Journal of the American Ce-
Chancen und künftiger For-
μm Al2O3 for transparent
technik.
ramic Society 92(2009),
schungsbedarf (acatech DIS-
armour applications
Essen: Vulkan, 2009, Kapitel
Nr.10, S.2368-2372
KUTIERT)
Berlin: Springer (2009), S.73-82
ramic Society 29(2009), Nr.2,
Zeitschrift für Naturfor-
3.3.3, S.293-330
ISBN: 978-3-8027-2953-9
Höhn, M.; Michaelis, A.
S. 275-281
Chemische, werkstoffwis-
Klemm, H.
Herrmann, M.; Schilm, J.
senschaftliche und techno-
Gaskorrosion
Krell, A.; Hutzler, T.; Klimke, J.
Shape dependence of
logische Untersuchungen
Transmission physics and
corrosion kinetics of Si3N4
an chromhaltigen CVD-
Technische Keramik: Grundla-
consequences for materials
ceramics in acids
Schichten
selection, manufacturing,
Ceramics international : CI
Stuttgart: Fraunhofer IRB Ver-
technik.
and applications
35(2009), Nr.2, S.797-802
lag, 2009 (Kompetenzen in
Essen: Vulkan, (2009), Kapitel
Keramik. Schriftenreihe 4).
2.4.2.; S.101-103
Herrmann, M.; Raethel, J.;
Zugl.: Dresden, Univ., Diss.,
Bales, A.; Sempf, K.;
2008
Klemm, H.
Sigalas, I.; Hoehn, M.
ISBN 978-3-8167-7988-9
Oxidation von Nichtoxiden
S.207-221
85
BOOKS AND PERIODICAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Krell, A., Guest Editor
Ausgabe 2009/1-3
2009 (Kompetenzen in Kera-
Michaelis, A.; Schneider, M.
Special issue on transpa-
Dresden: Fraunhofer IKTS
mik. Schriftenreihe 6). Zugl.:
International Symposium
rent ceramics. Introduction
(2009)
Dresden, Univ., Diss., 2009
on ElectroChemical Machi-
ISBN 978-3-8396-0066-5
ning Technology, INSECT
Journal of the European Ceramic Society 29(2009), Nr.2,
Maas, R.; Michaelis, A.
S.205
Beitrag zur numerischen
Meißner, T.; Potthoff, A.;
5th INSECT, Dresden (26./27.
2009. Proceedings
und experimentellen Un-
Richter, V.
11.2009)
Krell, A.; Klimke, J.; Hutzler, T.
tersuchung des Schall- und
Physico-chemical charac-
Stuttgart: Fraunhofer Verlag
Transparent compact cera-
Strömungsfeldes bei der
terization in the light of
ISBN 978-3-8396-0076-4
mics: Inherent physical issues
Klärschlammdesintegra-
toxicological effects
Optical Materials 31(2009),
tion mit Ultraschall
Inhalation Toxicology
Mlungwane, K.; Sigalas, I.;
Nr.8, S.1144-1150
Stuttgart: Fraunhofer IRB Ver-
21(2009), Nr.S1, S.35-39
Herrmann, M.; Rodriguez, M.
lag, 2009 (Schriftenreihe
The wetting behaviour and
Kühnel, D.; Busch, W.; Scholz,
Kompetenzen in Keramik und
reaction kinetics in
S.; Meißner, T.; Springer, A.;
Umweltverfahrenstechnik 2).
Richter, V.
diamond-silicon carbide
Potthoff, A.; Richter, V.; Gelin-
Zugl.: Dresden, Univ., Diss.,
Development and assess-
systems
sky, M.; Schirmer, K.
2008
ment of nanoparticle sus-
Ceramics international : CI
Agglomeration of tungs-
ISBN 978-3-8167-7940-7
pensions as fundament for
35(2009), Nr.6, S.2435-2441
ten carbide nanoparticles
toxicological analysis
in exposure medium does
Mannschatz, A.; Moritz, T.
Toxicology letters 189(2009),
Momber, A.; Plagemann, P.;
not prevent uptake and
Keramisch und komplex -
Supplement 1, S.S185
Stenzel, V.; Schneider, M.
toxicity toward a rainbow
der Spritzguss machts
trout gill cell line
möglich
Meyer, A.; Nebelung, M.;
schutzsystemen für Off-
Aquatic toxicology 93(2009),
Industrieanzeiger 131(2009),
Lenzner, K.; Müller, M.;
shore-Windenergietürme.
Nr.2-3, S.91-99
Nr.34/35, S.36-37
Ouyang, W.; Potthoff, A.
Tl.1: Problemstellung und
Impact of milling condi-
Versuchsdurchführung
Beurteilung von Korrosions-
Kurama, S.; Schulz, I.;
Mannschatz, A.; Moritz, T.
tions on the effectiveness
Der Stahlbau 78(2009), Nr.4,
Herrmann, M.
Challenges in two-compo-
of chemical additives in
S.259-266
Wear behaviour of alpha-
nent ceramic injection
suspension preparation
and alpha/beta-SiAlON ce-
moulding
cfi - ceramic forum interna-
Momber, A.; Plagemann, P.;
ramics stabilized with
cfi - ceramic forum internatio-
tional 86(2009), S.E13-E20
Stenzel, V.; Schneider, M.
Nd2O3 and Y2O3
nal 86(2009), Nr.4, S.E25-E28
Beurteilung von KorrosiMichaelis, A.
onsschutzsystemen für Off-
Megel, S.; Michaelis, A.
Ceramics
shore-Windenergietürme.
S.155-162
Kathodische Kontaktie-
Bullinger, H.-J.: Technology
Tl.2: Ergebnisse und
rung in planaren Hochtem-
guide: Principles, applicati-
Schlussfolgerungen
Lenk, R.; Schwarz, K.; Freund S.
peratur-Brennstoffzellen
ons, trends
Der Stahlbau 78(2009), Nr.6,
AdvanCer Newsletter.
Stuttgart: Fraunhofer Verlag,
Berlin: Springer (2009), S.14-17
S.394-401
86
Moritz K.; Moritz T.
schaltungen - 1. Update
cursor molecules in atomic
Electrophoretically deposi-
nal 86(2009), Nr.3, S.E35-E40
Schruttke, W.: RoHS-Handbuch
layer deposition
ted porous ceramics and
für Hersteller und Zulieferer.
Applied Surface Science
their characterisation by X-
Nebelung, M.; Lang, B.
Praktische Umsetzungshilfen,
255(2009), Nr.13-14, S.6620-
ray computer tomography
Flowability of ceramic bulk
alternative Materialien und
6623
Key Engineering Materials
materials. Pt.2: Interaction
innovative Verfahren. Lose-
412(2009), S.255-260
of primary particle proper-
blattausgabe
Rose, M.; Niinistö, J.; Wilde, L.;
ties and flowability
Merching: Forum Verlag
Michalowski, P.; Gerlich, L.;
Moritz, T.; Lenk, R.
Herkert, 1. Update (2009)
Endler, I.; Bartha, J.W.
Ceramic injection moulding:
nal 86(2009), Nr.4, S.E35-E38
a review of developments
Atomic layer deposition of
Richter, H.-J.; Baumann, A.;
titanium dioxide thin films
in production technology,
Potthoff, A.; Meißner, T.;
Heinritz, K.; Lenk, R.
from Cp*Ti(OMe)3 and
materials and applications
Richter, V.; Busch, W.;
Rapid prototyping of hy-
ozone
Powder Injection Moulding
Kühnel, D.; Bastian, S.;
droxyapatite ceramics for
Journal of Physical Chemistry.
International 3(2009), Nr.3,
Iwe, M.; Springer, A.
bioactive implants
C, Nanomaterials and inter-
S.23-34
Evaluation of health risks
Regenerative Medicine
faces 113(2009), Nr.52,
S.21825-21830
of nanoparticles - a con-
4(2009), Nr.6, Supplement 2,
Moritz, T.; Mannschatz, A.;
tribution to a sustainable
S.133
Lenk, R.; Baumann, A.
development of nanotech-
Der Mehrkomponenten-
nology
Rodrigues, G.; Bastaits, R.;
Sprühtrockung in der Pul-
Keramikspritzguss - ein
Solid state phenomena
Roose, S.; Stockman, Y.;
vertechnologie
aussichtsreiches Verfahren
151(2009), S.183-189
Gebhardt, S.; Schönecker, A.;
Scharrer, Karin
Villon, P.; Preumont, A.
tional 86(2009), Nr.11-12,
multifunktioneller Kera-
Raethel, J.; Herrmann, M.;
Modular bimorph mirrors
S.D25-D28
mikbauteile
Beckert, W.
for adaptive optics
Kriegesmann, J.; Deutsche
Temperature distribution
Optical Engineering 48
Schilm, J.; Herrmann, M.
Keramische Gesellschaft e.V.
for electrically conductive
(2009), Nr.3, Art.034001, 7 S.
Korrosion in wässrigen
(DKG): Technische Kerami-
and non-conductive mate-
sche Werkstoffe. Loseblatt-
rials during Field Assisted
Roosen, A.; Nebelung, M.
ausgabe. Aktualisierte
Sintering (FAST)
Preparation, characteriza-
Technische Keramik: Grundla-
Ausgabe
tion and processing of ce-
Ellerau: HvB Verlag, 2006, 15
ramic suspensions
technik.
S. (Ergänzungslieferung
S.1419-1425
Essen: Vulkan, 2009, Kapitel
2009, Kap. 3.4.8.6)
Rebenklau, L.; Detert, M.;
nal 86(2009), Nr.13, in press
2.4.4, S.107-112
zur Großserienfertigung
Medien
ISBN: 978-3-8027-2953-9
Herzog, T.
Nebelung, M.; Lang, B.
Technologische Aspekte
Rose, M.; Bartha, J.W.
Flowability of ceramic bulk
zur Realisierung ROHS-kon-
Method to determine the
Schneider, M.; Schroth, S.;
materials. Pt.1: Methods
former integrierter Schicht-
sticking coefficient of pre-
Schilm, J.; Michaelis, A.
87
BOOKS AND PERIODICAL CONTRIBUTIONS,
P R E S E N TAT I O N S A N D P O S T E R S
Micro-Eis of anodic thin
Schulz, I.; Herrmann, M.;
Stelter, M.; Megel, S.;
Zins, M.
oxide films on titanium for
Endler, I.; Zalite, I.;
Marschallek, F.; Mosch, S.
Ceramic components as a
capacitor applications
Speisser, B.; Kreusser, J.
Neue keramische Werk-
key to innovations from and
Electrochimica Acta
Nano Si3N4 composites
stoffe für Hochtemperatur-
for the ceramics industry
54(2009), Nr.9, S.2663-2671
with improved tribological
brennstoffzellen
properties
Chemie - Ingenieur - Technik
tional Gesellschaft 86(2009),
Schneider, M.; Kübel, C.;
Lubrication Science 21(2009),
81(2009), Nr.5, S.629-635
Nr.7-8, S.C25-C33
Yezerska, O.; Viola, A.;
Nr.2, S.69-81
Augros, M.
Sydow, U.; Schneider, M.;
Zvoriste, C.E.; Dubrovinsky, L.;
Elektronenmikroskopische
Shonhiwa, A.; Herrmann, M.;
Herrmann, M.; Kleebe, H.-J.;
Hering, S.A.; Huppertz, H.;
Darstellung elektroly-
Sigalas, I.; Coville, N.
Michaelis, A.
Riedel, R.; Kinski, I.
tischer Oxidschichten auf
Reaction bonded alumi-
Electrochemical corrosion
Diamond anvil cell synthe-
AA2214
nium oxide composites
of silicon carbide ceramics :
ses and compressibility stu-
Praktische Metallographie
containing cubic boron ni-
Part 1: Electrochemical
dies of the spinel-structured
46(2009), Nr.5, S.236-251
tride
investigation of sintered si-
gallium oxonitride
Ceramics international: CI
licon carbide (SSiC)
High pressure research
35(2009), Nr.2, S.909-911
Materials and Corrosion
29(2009), Nr.3, S.389-395
Schönecker, A.
Piezoelectric composite
(2009), online first,
materials and structures
Siegel, S.
Ceramic Engineering ans Sci-
Holzbasierte Keramik als
ence Proceedings 30(2009),
Konstruktionswerkstoff,
Uhlig, S.; Nicolai, M.;
Nr.9, S.1-15
Teil 2
Schönecker, A.; Michaelis, A.
Bastian, S.; Iwe, M.; Holke,
Keramische Zeitschrift
Investigation of domain
R.; Meißner, T.; Richter, V.;
61(2009), Nr.2-3, S.76-80
related topography forma-
Potthoff, A.; Springer, A.;
Schönecker, A.; Gebhardt, S.
doi:10.1002/maco200905448
Presentations and posters
tion during chemical me-
Gelinsky, M.; Pompe, W.;
for use in structures and
Stelter, M.; Kusnezoff, M.;
chanical polishing of piezo-
Ikonomidou, H.
integrated systems
Partsch, U.
electric ceramic material
Neuro-and gliotoxicity of
Advances in Science and
Aufbau- und Verbindungs-
Materials Science and Tech-
engineered nanoparticles
Technology 56(2009), S.76-83
technik für thermoelek-
nology 25(2009), Nr.11,
8th Göttingen Neuroscience
trische Generatoren
S.1321-1324
Meeting, Göttingen (25.-
Microsystems technologies
29.03.2009), Poster
Schröder, T.; Lenk, R.;
Jänsch, D.: Thermoelektrik:
Baumann, A.; Moritz, T.;
Eine Chance für die Automo-
Wätzig, K.; Hutzler, T.; Krell, A.
Schöler, U.
bilindustrie
Transparent spinel by
Bärsch, R.; Schönecker, A.;
A marriage of unequal
Renningen: expert-Verl.,
reactive sintering of diffe-
Seifert, J.
partners
2009, S.104-113
rent alumina modifications
Eigenschaften von polyme-
Fraunhofer Magazine (2009),
(Haus der Technik Fachbuch-
with MgO
ren Werkstoffen mit ferro-
Nr.1, Special Issue, S.46-47
reihe)
elektrischen Füllstoffen
nal 86(2009), Nr.6, S.E47-E49
RCC Fachtagung »Werk-
88
stoffe« - Forschung und Ent-
tre for Emerging Materials
Microstructure and electri-
particle size
wicklung neuer Technologien
and Processes - ECEMP, Dres-
cal properties of coatings
ISSE - 32nd International
zur Anwendung in der elek-
den (19.10.2009), Presentation
trischen Energietechnik, Ber-
of the Cr2O3-TiO2 system
Spring Seminar on Electronics
International Thermal Spray
Technology - ISSE, Brno (13.17.05.2009), IEEE, 6 S., Poster
lin (06./07.05.2009),
Baumann, A.; Lenk, R.;
Conference - Thermal Spray
Presentation
Moritz, T.
2009 – ITSC, Las Vegas, Ne-
Joining metal and ceramics
vada (04.-07.05.2009), CD,
Drossel, W.-G.; Roscher, H.-J.;
by 2-component MIM/CIM
S.103-108, Presentation
Kunze, H.; Schönecker, A.;
Lenk, R.
Workshop on Two-Compo-
Keramik-Metall-Werkstoff-
nent Powder Injection Moul-
Breite, M.; Jahn, M.; Pfeifer, T.;
New modular piezo actua-
verbunde über 2K-Spritz-
ding - Progresses and
Stelter, M.; Bernard, J.
tor with built-in stress-
guss und
Industrial Applications, Dres-
Ethanol in simple SOFC sys-
strain transformation
Grünfolienhinterspritzen
den (24.06.2009), Presenta-
tems
Conference Active and Pas-
DKG Symposium: Plastische
tion
11th International Sympo-
sive Smart Structures and In-
und thermoplastische Form-
Seffner, L.; Rödig, T.
sium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
tegrated Systems 2009:
gebung, Erlangen
(SOFC-XI), Wien (04.-
Smart Structures and Materi-
(01./02.12.2009), S.17,
Lenk, R.
09.10.2009), Presentation
als & Nondestructive Evalua-
Presentation
Multi component powder
tion and Health Monitoring,
injection moulding of
Bruchmann, C.; Eberhardt, R.;
San Diego, Calif. (08.-
Baumann, A.; Mayer, D.;
metal-ceramic-composites
Beckert, E.; Peschel, T.;
12.03.2009), SPIE Procee-
Moritz, T.; Lenk, R.
International Powder Metal-
Gramens, S.; Gebhardt, S.;
dings Series 7288, Paper
Stahl-Keramik-Verbunde
lurgy Congress and Exhibition
Tünnermann, A.
72881O, Presentation
durch Pulverspritzgießen
- EURO PM 2009, Copenha-
Novel construction of a de-
17. Symposium Verbund-
gen (12.-14.10.2009), CD,
formable mirror for laser
Dittmer, R.; Rödig, T.;
werkstoffe und Werkstoffver-
6 S., Presentation
beam shaping
Schönecker, A.
Conference »MEMS Adaptive
A novel method to deter-
bunde, Bayreuth
(01.-03.04.2009), S.502-
Baumann, A.; Lenk, R.;
Optics« III, San Jose, Califor-
mine the electric, piezo-
512, Presentation
Moritz, T.
nia (27.-29.01.2009), SPIE
electric and elastic
Manufacturing of ceramic-
Proceedings 7209, Paper
coefficients of fine scale
Baumann, A.; Lenk, R.
metal composites using in-
72090B, Presentation
piezoceramic fibers
Formgebung und Fügen
mould labeling (GreenTaPIM)
multifunktionaler duktiler
MicroTechnology - Forum In-
Dietrich, S.; Kretzschmar, C.;
Symposium 2009, Rom (20.-
Keramik-Metall-Werkstoff-
novations for Industry, Han-
Partsch, U.; Rebenklau, L.
23.09.2009), Poster
verbunde mit definierten
nover (20.-24.04.2009),
Reliability and effective
Nano/Makro-Strukturmerk-
Presentation
signal-to-noise ratio of
Eckhard, S.; Fries, M.;
RuO2-based thick film
Höhn, S.
malen für die Energie- und
IEEE International Ultrasonics
Umwelttechnik
Berger, L.-M.; Stahr, C.C.;
strain gauges: The effect
Einfluss der inneren Struk-
1. Workshop European Cen-
Saaro, S.; Thiele, S.
of conductive and glass
tur keramischer Sprühgra89
nulate auf deren Verarbei-
Endler, I.
sium, Dresden (07.-09.09.
Innovative Substratvorbe-
tungseigenschaften
Herstellung und Anwen-
2009), Poster
handlung zur Leistungsstei-
Sitzung FA III Verfahrenstech-
dungsmöglichkeiten von
nik, Erlangen (01.12.2009),
Schichten aus gerichteten
Flössel, M.; Scheithauer, U.;
Biogas-Anwenderforum, KSB
Presentation
Carbon Nanotubes
Gebhardt, S.; Seffner, L.;
Halle (26.11.2009), Presentation
18. Diskussionstagung Anor-
Eckhard, S.; Lang, B.;
ganisch-Technische Chemie,
Entwicklung piezokerami-
Friedrich, E.; Friedrich, H.;
Lenzner, K.
Frankfurt am Main
scher Laminate und Fasern
Jobst, K.; Lincke, M.;
Granulatcharakterisierung
(26./27.02.2009), Presentation
für die Integration in
Schwarz, B.; Wufka, A.
Leichtbaustrukturen
Improved efficiency in bio-
- Werkzeug für Optimie-
gerung von Biogasanlagen
rung von Produktentwick-
Fassauer, B.; Wufka, A.
2. Wissenschaftliches Sympo-
gas production by intensi-
lung und Sprühprozessen
Strom aus Stroh
sium des SFB/Transregio 39
fied processes
Industrietag »Sprühtrock-
Lokale Agenda 21 e.V., Dres-
PT-PIESA, Dresden
17th European Biomass Confe-
nung in der Pulvertechnolo-
den (2009), Presentation
rence and Exhibition - From Re-
Feller, C.; Kretzschmar, C.;
Hamburg, Germany, (29.06.03.07.2009), DVD, Poster
gie«, Dresden
search to Industry and Markets,
Reinhardt, K.; Kusnezoff, M.
Seffner, L.; Gebhardt, S.;
Eckhard, S.; Höhn, S.;
The application of ceramic
Matthey, B.
multilayer sensors for in-
LTCC/PZT modules for
Quantitative analysis of in-
crease in efficiency of bio-
adaptive structures
Jobst, K.; Schwarz, B.;
ternal granule structures
gas plants
ISPA 2009 International Sym-
Wufka, A.
9th International Symposium
posium on Macro Fiber Com-
Verbesserung der Wirt-
on Agglomeration and 4th
posite Applications, Dresden
schaftlichkeit von Biogas-
International Granulation
anlagen durch Einführung
Workshop, Sheffield (22.-
Hamburg, Germany, (29.06.-
26.06.2009), Poster
03.07.2009), DVD, Poster
Eckhard, S.; Nebelung, M.
Feller, C.
Investigations of the corre-
CO2-Festelektrolytsensor
Robust LTCC/PZT sensor-
lation between granule
mit integriertem Heizer
actuator-module for alumi-
Friedrich, H.; Jobst, K.;
microstructure and defor-
Sensor + Test 2009, Nürnberg
nium die casting
Lincke, M.; Schumann, R.
mation behaviour
(26.-28.05.2009), Poster
European Microelectronics and
Höhere Transparenz der
innovativer Prozesse
18. Jahrestagung des Fach-
Gebhardt, S.; Schönecker, A.;
verband Biogas e.V., Hanno-
Michaelis, A.
ver (03.-05.02.2009), Poster
Packaging Conference EMPC
Biogaserzeugung durch in-
on Agglomeration and 4th
Feller, C.; Kretzschmar, C.;
2009, Rimini (15.-18.06.2009),
novative Zustandskenn-
International Granulation
Reinhardt, K.; Kusnezoff, M.
IEEE, 5 S., Presentation
zeichnung
Workshop 2009, Sheffield
Keramische Multilayer-Sen-
(22.-26.06.2009), S.251-253,
soren für Biogasanlagen
verband Biogas e.V., Hanno-
Presentation
9. Dresdner Sensor-Sympo-
Jobst, K.; Lomtscher, A.
ver (03.-05.02.2009), Poster
90
18. Jahrestagung des Fach-
Friedrich, H.; Schwarz, B.
gramm des Fraunhofer-
Hard Materials, S.HM16/1-
Gierth, U.; Rabbow, T.;
Klärschlamm - ein vielver-
Demonstrationszentrums
HM16/9, Presentation
Schneider, M.; Michaelis, A.
sprechendes Co-Substrat?
»AdvanCer«, Block I: Herstel-
Leipziger Biofachgespräche,
lung, Eigenschaften, Anwen-
Gestrich, T.; Jaenicke-Rößler, K.
Charakterisierung siebge-
Leipzig (29.04.2009), Presen-
dungen, Dresden
Grundlagen der Thermo-
druckter Dickschichtelek-
tation
analytik - Optimierung von
troden
Entbinderungs- und
15. Seminar des Arbeitskrei-
Friedrich, H.; Friedrich, E.;
Iwe, M.; Bastian, S.;
Sinterprozessen
ses Elektrochemie in Sachsen,
Jobst, K.
Meißner, T.; Springer, A.;
DKG-Fortbildungsseminar:
Meinsberg (16.10.2009),
Möglichkeiten der Leis-
Ikonomidou, H.
Thermoplastische Formge-
Presentation
tungssteigerung auf Bio-
Zelltypabhängige Hem-
bung von Technischer Kera-
gasanlagen
mung der Aufnahme von
mik, Dresden
2. Innovationskongress Bio-
Nanopartikeln in Zellen
gas 2009, Osnabrück
des Zentralen Nervensys-
tems durch Cytochalasin D
Strom aus biogenen Roh-
3. Symposium Nanotechno-
In situ Analyse von thermi-
stoffen - Entwicklung eines
Friedrich, H.; Maas, R.;
logy and Toxicology in Envi-
schen Prozessen bei der
SOFC-Systems
Lincke, M.
ronment and Health, Leipzig
Herstellung von Keramik
16. Symposium Nutzung Re-
Ultraschalleinsatz auf land-
(18./19.03.2009), Poster
und Hartmetall - Wie ver-
generativer Energiequellen
bessern thermoanalytische
und Wasserstofftechnik,
wirtschaftlichen Biogasan-
Cyclovoltammetrische
Heddrich, M.; Jahn, M.;
Kaden, C.; Marschallek, F.;
Pohl, M.
lagen
Ganzer, G.; Beckert, W.;
Methoden Werkstoffe und
Stralsund (05.-07.11.2009),
Kavitation in Technik und Me-
Pönicke, A.
Prozesse auf der pulver-
dizin, Workshop, Tagungs-
CFD Analysis of reactant
technologischen Route?
zentrum »Kloster Drübeck«
distribution in a SOFC stack
NETZSCH Anwenderseminar -
Herrmann, M.; Sydow, U.;
ANSYS Conference & 27.
CERAMITEC 2009, München
Sempf, K.; Schneider, M.;
CADFEM Users Meeting,
(21.10.2009), Presentation
Michaelis, A.; Forough, K.;
Fries, M.
Leipzig (18.-20.11.2009),
Produktdesign keramischer
Presentation
Sprühgranulate
Kleebe, H.-J.
Electrochemical corrosion
Herrmann, M.
of silicon carbide ceramics
Gestrich, T.;
In-situ-characterisation of
in aqueous solutions
Jaenicke-Rößler, K.; Neher, R.
atmosphere dependence
11th International Confe-
gie«, Dresden
Characterisation of ther-
of thermal debinding in-
rence and Exhibition of the
mal debinding of powder
ternational
European Ceramic Society
compacts for hard materi-
Powder Metallurgy Congress
ECERS 2009, Krakow (21.-
Fries, M.
als production
and Exhibition - EURO PM
Pulveraufbereitung
17th Plansee Seminar, Reutte
2009, Copenhagen (12.-
Keramische Hochleistungs-
Österreich (25.-29.05.2009),
14.10.2009), CD, Paper 203,
werkstoffe − Schulungspro-
Planseeberichte, Vol. 2: P/M
Presentation
Sempf, K.; Bales, A.;
91
Kleebe, H.-J.; Lauterbach, S.
verhalten, Freiburg
Herrmann, M.
mierung der Entbinde-
Thermische Entbinderungs-
rungsprozesse
prozesse: Mechanismen -
Herrmann, M.
Methoden - Verfahren
Entbinderung keramischer
Hochleistungskeramik für
Formteile, Dresden
korrosive Anwendungen
Formteile, Dresden
Jobst, K.
Mehr Biogas aus nicht le-
Himpel, G.
bensmitteltauglichen Roh-
Entbinderungstechnik
stoffen
Sempf, K.; Thiele, S.; Bales, A.;
Bayreuther Biomasse Fachge-
Kleebe, H.-J.; Sigalas, I.
dungen, Dresden
spräch - Wirtschaftliche Opti-
Formteile, Dresden
mierung für Biogasanlagen,
Bayreuth (03.06.2009),
Herrmann, M.
NATO Advanced Research
Properties and applications
Höhn, S.
Workshop - Boronrich Solids:
of advanced ceramic mate-
Charakterisierung der
Joedecke, B.; Fritsch, M.;
Sensors for Biological and
rials
Formkörper, Defektent-
Kretzschmar, C.;
Chemical Detection, Ultra-
Carpet Technology Sympo-
stehung, Nachweis/Vermei-
Rebenklau, L.; Michaelis, A.
high Temperature Composi-
sium 2009, Neumünster
dung
Development of an AlN
tes, Thermoelectrics, Armor,
HTCC multilayer system
Orlando, Florida, USA
(14.-18.12.2009), Presentation
Presentation
with a tungsten cofiring
Herrmann, M.
Formteile, Dresden
metallization
Sintern von metallischen
42nd International Sympo-
Herrmann, M.
und keramischen Pulvern
Gefügedarstellung, Gefü-
SFB-Graduiertenkolleg
Höhn, S.; Herrmann, M.
IMAPS 2009, San Jose, Cali-
gebewertung - Prinzipien
Herbstschule, Eibenstock
Microstructure formation
fornia, USA (01.-05.11.2009),
der Darstellung, Gefüge-
in alpha/beta-SiAlON-ma-
CD, S.304-308, Presentation
Eigenschaftskorrelationen
sium on Microelectronics V -
terial during sintering
Herrmann, M.
6th International Conference
Joedecke, B.
Spark-Plasma-Sintern (SPS)
on Nitrides and Related Ma-
Rheologische Untersuchun-
von keramischen Werkstoffen
terials ISNT 2009, Karlsruhe
gen in der Entwicklung ke-
DGM-Fortbildungsseminar
(15.03.-18.03.2009), Presen-
ramischer Gießschlicker
»AdvanCer«, Block III: Kon-
»Pulvermetallurgie«, Dresden
tation
4. TA-Anwendertreffen Rheo-
struktion, Werkstoffprüfung,
Qualitätssicherung, Einsatz-
logie, Erlangen
Jaenicke-Rößler, K.
Thermoanalytik zur Opti-
92
Kavurucu Schubert, S.;
Klemm, H.; Bales, A.;
DGM, Wiesbaden
Koszyk, S.; Männel, D.;
Kusnezoff, M.
Zschippang, E.
Belitz, R.; Jahn, M.
Effect of operation conditi-
Electrically conductive ce-
ons on soot formation in
ramic materials on the
Klumbies, H.; Partsch, U.;
SOFC stacks
basis of silicon nitride
Goldberg, A.; Gebhardt, S.;
H2 aus SOFC-Abgasen
8th Pacific Rim Conference
Keitel, U.; Neubert, H.
42. Jahrestreffen Deutscher
on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells,
on Ceramic and Glass Tech-
Actuators to be integrated
Katalytiker, Weimar (11.-
Wien (04.-09.10. 2009), Pt.3,
nology, Vancouver
in low temperature cofired
13.03.2009), Poster
(31.05.-05.06.2009), Presen-
ceramics (LTCC) microflui-
tation
dic systems
Krell, A.
Hochtemperatur-Katalyse
zur Oxidation von CO und
32nd International Spring Se-
Precursor-derived gallium
Klemm, H.
minar on Electronics Techno-
Verschleißanwendungen
oxonitrides
logy ISSE 2009, Brno
Keramische Hochleistungswerk-
Hochtemperaturanwen-
(13.-17.05.2009), IEEE, 4 S.,
stoffe − Schulungsprogramm
on Nitrides and Related Ma-
dungen
Poster
des Fraunhofer-Demonstrations-
terials - INT 2009, Karlsruhe
Kinski, I.
zentrums »AdvanCer«, Block I:
(15.03.-18.03.2009), Presen-
Kolb, S.; Lang, M.;
Herstellung, Eigenschaften, An-
tation
gramm des Fraunhofer
Schönecker, A.
wendungen, Dresden
High power driving of me-
Kinski, I.
chanically pressed ultraso-
Solarvalley Mitteldeutsch-
nic piezotransducers
Krell, A.; Hutzler, T.;
land und Erneuerbare
dungen, Dresden
International Symposium on
Klimke, J.; Potthoff, A.
Energien und Energieeffi-
Macro Fiber Composite Ap-
Massivbauteile aus trans-
plications ISPA 2009, Dresden
parentem Spinell durch
Nano-Technik
zienzsysteme am Fraunhofer IKTS
Klemm, H.
TIB Bukarest, (28.-
Korrosionsverhalten von
keramischen Werkstoffen
Kölker, W.; van den Berg, H.;
DGM-Fortbildungsseminar:
Chudoba, T.; Hünsche, I.;
Klein, C.; Kücher, P.;
Keramische Verbundwerk-
Kessel, H.U.; Keunecke, M.;
Kremmer, K.; Schreiber, G.;
Mayer-Uhma, T.; Michaelis, A.;
stoffe, Bayreuth
Richter, V.; Ziegele, H.
Schneider, M.; Rafaja, D.
Wege, S.; Goretzki, G.;
(06./07.10.2009), Tagungs-
Zerspanwerkzeuge aus na-
Elektrochemische und mi-
Kroke, E.
band, Presentation
noskaligen Materialien
krostrukturelle Untersu-
DKG-Jahrestagung, Aachen
und superharten Schichten
chungen von
layers on 300 mm silicon
Klemm, H.; Bales, A.; Nake, K.
zur Trocken-, Hart- und
Blei-Zinn-Schichten
wafers
Warmhärte bis 1500°C
Gussbearbeitung (NanoHM)
12. Werkstofftechnisches Kol-
E-MRS 2009 Spring Meeting,
Sitzung des Fachausschusses
NanoEngineering 2009 des
loquium, Chemnitz
Strasbourg (08.-12.06.2009),
FA-12 der AWT und des Ar-
BMBF, Düsseldorf
(01./02.10.2009), Poster
Presentation
beitskreises Härteprüfung der
Spin-coating of zirconia
93
Klemm, U.
Kurama, S; Schulz, I.;
Instrumentierte Pressver-
Herrmann, M.
on Thermoelectrics / 7th Euro-
dungen, Dresden
dichtung
The effect of sintering pro-
pean Conference on Thermo-
14. DKG-Fortbildungsseminar
cess on tribological proper-
electrics ICT/ECT 2009, Frei-
»Technologische Grundlagen
ties of SiAlON ceramics
burg (26.-30.07.2009), Poster
der Granulierung und
Granulatverarbeitung«, Dres-
Lenk, R.
onszentrum »AdvanCer«
den (23./24.04.2009), Presen-
Current developments in
Sitzung der Technischen Kom-
tation
materials research: de-
mission des Verbandes der Ke-
monstrated by means of
ramischen Industrie, Würzburg
examples
Kühnel, D.; Busch, W.;
Lenk, R.; Freund, S.
Fraunhofer-Demonstrati-
Meißner, T.; Springer, A.;
Kusnezoff, M.; Megel, S.;
Technologietag Hochleis-
Potthoff, A.; Richter, V.;
Sauchuk, V.; Girdauskaite, E.;
tungskeramik der Berliner
Lenk, R.
Gelinsky, M.; Scholz, S.;
Beckert, W.; Reinert, A.
Glas KGaA Herbert Kubatz
Keramik intelligent in
Schirmer, K.
Impact of protective and
GmbH Co., Berlin
Form gebracht
Toxic potency of cobalt-
contacting layers on the
7. Dresdner Lange Nacht der
doped tungsten carbide
long-term SOFC operation
nanoparticles to human
33rd International Confe-
Lenk, R.
and piscine cells
rence & Exposition on Advan-
Fehlerquellen bei der Her-
19th Annual Meeting of the
ced Ceramics & Composites,
stellung keramischer Werk-
Lenk, R.
Society of Environmental To-
Daytona Beach, Florida (18.-
stoffe
Keramische Formgebung
xicology and Chemistry
Wissenschaften, Dresden
Thermoplastische Formge-
(31.05.-04.06.2009), Presen-
Lang, B.; Fries, M.;
bung von Technischer Kera-
tation
Nebelung, M.
mik, Dresden
Mechanical properties of
»AdvanCer«, Block III: Kon-
Kunze, H.; Roscher, H.-J.;
ceramic granules: Influence
Drossel, W.-G.; Rödig, T.;
on the flow properties
Lenk, R.
Schönecker, A.; Seffner, L.
Powder Flow 2009: Practice,
verhalten, Freiburg
Produkt- und prozessorien-
New modular piezo actua-
Theory, Visualisation and
tierte Formgebung Techni-
tor with built-in stress-
Meaning, London
strain transformation
(16.12.2009), Poster
SETAC Europe, Göteborg
scher Keramik
Lenk, R.
19. Sitzung des Kuratoriums
Formgebung
des Fraunhofer IKTS, Dresden
Lankau, V.; Martin, H.-P.;
Oeschler, N.; Michaelis, A.
Manufacture and thermo-
Lenk, R.
electric characterisation of
Produkt- und prozessorien-
SiC-B4C composites
tierte Formgebung techni-
94
scher Keramik am Beispiel
1st International Conference
Michaelis, A.
Spritzguss und Extrusion
on Challenges of Porous
Ceramic technology for in-
DKG-Symposium: Plastische
Media, Kaiserslautern
Richter, V.
novative fuel cell systems
(11.03.-14.03.2009), Poster
Development and assess-
PACRIM2009, Vancouver
gebung, Erlangen
ment of nanoparticle sus-
(31.05.-05.06.2009), Presen-
(01./02.12.2009), S.7, Presen-
Mannschatz, A.; Höhn, S.;
pensions as fundament for
tation
tation
Moritz, T.
toxicological analysis
Powder-binder-separation
Eurotox Kongress 2009, Dres-
Michaelis, A.
Lenk, R.
in injection moulded green
den (13.-16.09.2009), Poster
Energieaktivitäten des
Pulvertechnologie am
parts
Fraunhofer IKTS - Retro-
Sitzung des Energiebeirates
spektive und Ausblick
on Shaping of Advanced Ce-
Richter, V.
Sachsen (25.03.2009),
ramics, Madrid, Spain (15.-
Partikel- und Suspensions-
Presentation
charakterisierung im Rah-
gie«, Dresden
Fraunhofer IKTS
men toxikologischer
Michaelis, A.
Mannschatz, A.; Moritz, T.;
Untersuchungen
Generierung und Verwer-
Lenk, R.
NanoCare Abschlussveran-
tung des Wissens am Bei-
Lenk, R.; Freund, S.
Zerstörungsfreie Untersu-
staltung, Berlin
spiel des Fraunhofer IKTS –
Systementwicklung mit
chung von spritzgegosse-
(16./17.09.2009), Poster
Voraussetzungen, Erfolgs-
Hochleistungskeramik -
nen Grünkörpern mittels
Ergebnisse aus dem Fraun-
CT-Verifizierung der Simu-
Michaelis, A.
5. Sitzung des Sächsischen In-
hofer-Demonstrationszen-
lation
Photovoltaik und andere
novationsbeirates im IKTS,
trum »AdvanCer«
innovative Energieum-
Dresden (16.06.2009), Presen-
DKG-Symposium Hochleis-
wandlungstechnologien
tation
tungskeramik, Aachen
gebung, Erlangen
Akadem. Festkolloquium Er-
(01./02.12.2009), S.25, Pre-
nennungsfeier Frau Prof. S.
Michaelis, A.
sentation
Roth zur Honorarprofessorin,
Photovoltaik am Fraunho-
Westsächsische Hochschule
fer IKTS
Lenzner, K.
faktoren und Hemmnisse
Granulatcharakterisierung
Meißner, T.; Bastian, S.;
Zwickau (27.03.2009), Pre-
PV in Mitteldeutschland –
Springer, A.
sentation
Quo Vadis, Silicon Saxony
INOS - Identifizierung und
Bewertung von Gesund-
Michaelis, A.
heits- und Umweltauswir-
Keramische Materialien
den (23./24.04.2009), Presen-
kungen von technischen
und Technologien für TEG
Michaelis, A.
tation
nanoskaligen Partikeln
Expertengespräch Thermo-
Entwicklung von Beschich-
elektrik u. R. BMBF-Pro-
tungstechnologien für die
Luthardt, F.
gramm WING, Bonn
Photovoltaik am Fraunho-
Hybrid foams
fer IKTS sowie Aktivitäten
Symposium, Dresden
95
des Solar Valley Mittel-
Moritz, T.
Müller, M.
Neher, R.; Seifert, H.J.
deutschland
Development of ceramic
Granulatdesign mittels me-
Thermodynamic evaluation
Ardenne-Workshop 2009,
and metallic cellular struc-
chanischer Granulierver-
of liquid phase sintering of
Dresden (20.-22.10.2009),
tures by freeze foaming
fahren
silicon carbide by calcula-
Presentation
tion and experiments
High Temperature Materials
Michaelis, A.
nology, Vancouver (31.05.-
der Granulierung und Granu-
Chemistry Konferenz HTMC-
Technische Keramik –
latverarbeitung«, Dresden
XIII, University of California,
Davis, (15.-18.09.2009), Presen-
Schlüsselkomponenten für
die Formgebung
Moritz, T.
EUROMOLD Werkstoffforum,
Keramische Formgebung
Nebelung, M.; Thiele, S.
Frankfurt a. M.
unter Verwendung organi-
Wassertechnologie bei der
Niedziela, D.; Latz, A.;
scher Additive
Hartmetallaufbereitung
Moritz, T.
28. Hagener Symposium Pul-
On numerical simulations of
Michaelis, A.
vermetallurgie, Hagen
powder injection molding
Keramik: Ein faszinieren-
Formteile, Dresden
(26./27.11.2009), S.243-260,
International Association for
der Werkstoff für Alltag
Presentation
the Engineering Analysis
tation
und »High-Tech«
Community (NAFEMS):
1. MatFo-Tournee des MFD,
Moritz, T.; Mannschatz, A.;
Nebelung, M.; Fries, M.
Simulation of Complex Flows
IKTS Dresden (16.12.2009),
Heeren, I.; Veskovic, S.
Some aspects of granula-
(CFD) - Applications and
Presentation
Two-component ceramic
tion of colloidal disperse
trends. Seminar, Wiesbaden
injection moulding for au-
ceramic material mixtures
(16./17.03.2009), Art.18, 11
Moritz, T.; Mannschatz, A.
tomotive and railway ap-
S., Presentation
Ceramic components for
plications
on Agglomeration / 4th Inter-
automotive and railway
national Granulation Work-
Nuffer, J.; Melz, T.; Pfeiffer, T.;
applications made by two-
shop, Sheffield
Brückner, B.; Schönecker, A.
components ceramic in-
nology, Vancouver (31.05.-
(22.-26.06.2009), S.251-253,
Piezoelectric composites:
jection moulding
Poster
application and reliability
Müller, A.; Moritz, T.
Nebelung, M.; Fries, M.
Euro PM 2009, Kopenhagen
(12.-14.10.2009), Poster
in adaptronics
Open-cell ceramic foam
Thermische Granulations-
Moritz, T.
structures produced by di-
verfahren -Einführung,
Charakterisierung kerami-
rect freeze foaming
Sprühtrocknung-
scher Spritzgießmassen
Shaping 4 - Fourth Internatio-
nal Conference on Shaping of
Oehme, F.
Advanced Ceramics, Madrid
Rationalisierung der Grün-
gebung, Erlangen
bearbeitung technischer
Keramik
96
Potthoff, A.
Rabbow, T.; Adler, A.-K.;
fer Institute IKTS
Nanotechnologie im IKTS.
Schneider, M.; Stelter, M.;
Workshop »Commercializing
Chancen und Risiken?
Michaelis, A.; Schrems, P.
Future Technologies for
Fraunhofer-Allianz Nanotech-
Elektrochemisches Multi-
Energy and Energy Effi-
»AdvanCer«, Block II: Bear-
nologie, Dresden
sensorarray (EMSA) zum
ciency«, Fraunhofer IWS Dres-
beitung technischer Keramik,
enzymatischen Glucose
den (27./28.05.2009),
Nachweis
Presentation
Aachen (12./13.05.2009),
Presentation
Potthoff, A.
6. Deutsches BioSensor Sym-
Pulver- und Suspensions-
posium, Freiburg (29.03.-
Rebenklau, L.
Pérez-Wiillard, F.; Sempf, K.;
charakterisierung
01.04.2009), Poster
Vorstellung der Aktivitäten
Höhn, S.
Access to large area cross
Raethel, J.; Herrmann, M.;
voltaik/Energie am IKTS
sections with FIB
Hennicke, J.
Dresden
1st European CrossBeam and
FAST/SPS and hot pressing
3. Nanofair Nachwuchsfo-
Helium Ion Microscope User
den (23./24.04.2009), Presen-
of hBN/TiB2 composites
rum, Fraunhofer IWS Dresden
Workshop, Dresden
tation
auf den Gebieten Photo-
Preumont, A.; Rodrigues, G.;
Reuber, S.; Schneider, M.;
Pönicke, A.; Schilm, J.;
Bastais, R.; Uhlig, S.;
Stelter, M.
Kusnezoff, M.
Schönecker, A.
Biogas for use in SOFCs
Reaktives Löten als Verbin-
Modular biomorph mirrors
dungstechnologie für die
for high-order adaptive
Raethel, J.
Large Fuel Cell Systems: Ex-
SOFC
optics
FAST/SPS sintering of
periences and Trends,
SOFC-Workshop »Technolo-
hBN/TiB2 composites
Brügge, Belgien
gie-Roadmapping D A CH«
International Conference on
Reutte, Austria (28.05.2009),
Sintering, Ukraine, Kiev (07.-
Presentation
Large-SOFC Workshop -
Reuber, S.; Pfeifer, T.;
Ganzer, G.; Freytag, C.
Potthoff, A.; Lenzner, K.;
Rabbow, T.; Gierth, U.;
Rebenklau, L.; Partsch, U.;
Simulation based system
Meyer, A.; Nebelung, M.
Schneider, M.; Michaelis, A.
Fritsch, M.; Mosch, S.;
design - a design concept
Einfluss des Energieeintra-
Chemische Modifizierung
Michaelis, A.
applied to SOFC systems
ges auf die elektrosterische
von Golddickschichten für
Fineline-Strukturierung
6th International Solid Oxide
Stabilisierung von hoch-
Sensoranwendungen
von Dickschichtpasten
Fuel Cell Summer School, An-
konzentrierten Böhmit-
9. Dresdner Sensor-Sympo-
IMAPS Deutschland, München
cona, Italien (30.08.-
Suspensionen
sium, Dresden
(07.-9.09.2009), Poster
Rebenklau, L.
Richter, H.-J.; Lenk, R.;
Presentation by Fraunho-
Baumann, A.; Heinritz, K.
97
Rapid prototyping of hy-
Rose, M.; Niinistö, J.;
Gebhardt, S.; Michaelis, A.
droxyapatite ceramics for
Bartha, J.W.; Kücher, P.;
on Atomic Layer Deposition
High-efficient and low-cost
bioactive implants
Ritala, M.; Michaelis, A.
ALD 2009, Monterey, USA
production of piezocera-
World Conference on Rege-
In situ QMS reaction me-
(19.-22.07.2009), Poster
mic fibres
nerative Medicine, Leipzig
chanism studies on ozone-
based HfO2, TiO2 and Al2O3
Rose, M.; Bartha, J.W.;
ALD processes
Michaelis, A.
Rödig, T.; Schönecker, A.
Method to determine the
Design methodology of
sticking coefficient of pre-
piezoelectric generators
ALD 2009, Monterey, California
cursor molecules
Scheithauer, U.; Flössel, M.;
for SHM sensor nodes
USA (19.-22.07.2009), Poster
Uhlig, S.; Schönecker, A.;
Gebhardt, S.; Michaelis, A.
4th Annual Energy Harvesting
Workshop, Blacksburg, Virginia,
Rose, M.; Bartha, J.W.;
ALD 2009, Monterey, Califor-
Piezokeramische Fasern,
USA (28./29.01.2009), Presen-
Michaelis, A.
nia USA (19.-22.07.2009),
Faserkomposite und LTCC-
tation
Optimization of a shower
Poster
Module zur Integration in
head reactor using the 2D
Leichtbaustrukturen
Rödig, T.; Schönecker, A.;
DSMC method
Rost, A.; Schilm, J.;
Ahlendorf, H.; Marg, R.;
Kusnezoff, M.
Göpfert, L.; Franke, T.
Influence of electrical load
bunde, Bayreuth (01.-03.04.
Anforderungen an die
ALD 2009, Monterey, Califor-
on the stability of glass
2009), S.592-600, Presentation
Energieversorgung und die
nia USA (19.-22.07.2009),
sealings
Funkelektronik für ener-
Poster
Eleventh International Sym-
Schilm, J.; Rost, A.;
gieautarke funkvernetzte
posium on Solid Oxide Fuel
Kusnezoff, M.; Michaelis, A.
Sensorknoten
Rose, M.; Niinistö, J.;
Cells (SOFC-XI), Wien (04.-
Sealing glasses for SOFC -
11. Wireless Technologies
Bartha, J.W.; Ritala, M.;
09.10.2009), S.1509-1518,
Degradation behaviour
Kongress 2009, Stuttgart
Michaelis, A.
Presentation
33rd International Conference
Characteristics and process
& Exposition on Advanced
chemistry of TiO2 film
Sauchuk, V.
Ceramics and Composites
Rödig, T.
growth from Cp*Ti(Ome)3
Schutzschichten für SOFC
ICACC 2009, Daytona Beach
Piezoelectric ceramics for
and ozone
Interkonnektoren
energy harvesting applica-
Baltic ALD conference BALD
tions
2009, Uppsala, Sweden
gie-Roadmapping D A CH«,
Schlenkrich, F.; Schönecker, A.;
(15./16.06.2009), Poster
Soller, T.
Presentation
Synthese von Keimen zur
Macro Fiber Composite Applications ISPA 2009, Dresden
Rose, M.; Endler, I.; Teichert, S.
Hf doping of TiO2 films
Scheithauer, U.;
zokeramiken
grown from TDMAT and
Kretzschmann, L.; Flössel, M.;
oxygen
Schönecker, A.; Schulz, P.;
98
Texturierung bleifreier Pie-
Schlenkrich, F.; Jakob, M.;
completed by chemical na-
staltung, Berlin
Sempf, K.; Herrmann, M.;
Endler, I.
notechnology
(16./17.09.2009), Poster
Pérez-Wiillard, F.
Darstellung und Charakte-
Vth Aluminium Surface Sci-
risierung von Kondensator-
ence & Technology - ASST
Schönecker, A.
lections with FIB for the
strukturen unter
2009, Leiden (10.-14.05.
Funktionskeramik: Spezifi-
characterization of the
Verwendung von SrTiO3-
2009), Presentation
sche Eigenschaften und
SiC/diamond interface
basierten Dünnschichten
Access to large cross se-
Anwendungen
Microscopy Conference
als Dielektrikum
2009, Graz (30.08.-
Michaelis, A.; Hackert, M.;
04.09.2009), Poster
(23./24.03.2009), Poster
Meichsner, G.; Schubert, A.
Electrochemical machining
Siegel, S.
(ECM) - an unconventional
«AdvanCer«, Block I: Herstel-
Biogene Keramik
Hänig, D.; Stelter, M.;
manufacturing process
Biowerkstoff-Kongress, Stutt-
Michaelis, A.
ACHEMA 2009, Frankfurt a.M.
dungen, Dresden
gart (26./27.10.2009), Presen-
ECM - A novel technique
tation
terials
Schönecker, A.
Siegel, S.
17th Plansee Seminar, Reutte
Schubert, N.; Lämmel, C.;
Piezoelectric composite
Keramische Leichtbaumo-
Österreich (25.-29.05.2009),
Michaelis, A.
materials and structures
dule mit hoher geome-
Planseeberichte, Vol. 2: P/M
A novel approach of in-situ
33rd International Confe-
trischer Variabilität
Hard Materials, S.HM61/1-
investigation of the sur-
rence & Exposition on Advan-
HM61-12, Poster
face topography under
ced Ceramics & Composites,
for machining of hard ma-
near ECMconditions
Daytona Beach, Florida (18.-
bunde, Bayreuth (01.-03.04.
Schneider, M.; Langklotz, U.;
2009), S.241-248, Presentation
Michaelis, A.; Arnold, B.
Electrochemical Machining
Micro-electrochemical in-
Technology - INSECT 2009,
Schwarz, B.; Friedrich, E.;
Sigalas, I.; Herrmann, M.;
vestigation on aluminium-
Dresden (26./27.11.2009),
Friedrich, H.; Jobst, K.;
Kleebe, H.-J.; Johnson, O.;
steel friction welds
Presentation
Lincke, M.
Ogunmuyiwa, E.
Vth Aluminium Surface Sci-
Desintegrationsverfahren -
Boron suboxide materials
ence & Technology ASST
Scholz, S.; Kühnel, D.;
Aufwand und Nutzen für
with transition metal addi-
2009, Leiden (10.-14.05.
Schirmer, K.; Ikonomidou, H.;
die Biogaserzeugung
tives
2009), Poster
Bastian, S.; Gelinsky, M.;
FNR/KTBL-Biogas-Kongress
Springer, A.; Potthoff, A.;
2009: Biogas in der Landwirt-
Schneider, M.; Weidmann, S.K.;
Richter, V.
schaft - Stand und Perspekti-
Sydow, U.; Yezerska, O.;
Das INOS »Virtuelle Labor«
ven, Weimar
Fürbeth, W.
für Partikelsicherheit und -
Corrosion investigation on
beratung
a modified PAA-process
NanoCare Abschlussveran99
P R E S E N TAT I O N S A N D P O S T E R S ,
TEACHING ACTIVITIES OF IKTS
EMPLOYEES
Soller, T.; Benkert, K.;
Fuel Cell Seminar & Exposi-
K.; Rihko-Struckmann, L.; Hei-
Exhibition, Hamburg (21.-
Bödinger, H.; Bathelt, R.;
tion 2009, Palm Spring, CA,
debrecht, P.; Kumar, V.; Datta,
25.09.2009), Poster
Schuh, C.; Schlenkrich, F.
USA (16.-19.11.2009), Poster
P.; Hertel, C.; Oettel, C.; Har-
Texturing and tungsten-
tono, B.; Kusnezoff, M.; Kavu-
Ziesche, S.
bronze niobate doping of
Stockmann, J.
rucu Schubert, S.
Low temperature sintering
lead-free (K,Na,Li) (Na, Ta)
Trockenpressen – Technolo-
ProBio: Integrated process
of LaCrO3-based ceramic
O3 based piezoceramic ma-
gische Aspekte
system for the transforma-
layers
terials
tion of biomass into electri-
12th European Conference
International Workshop on
cal energy by use of fuel cells
on Solid State Chemistry Sep-
Piezoelectric Materials and
tember, ECSSC XII, Münster
Applications in Actuators &
(20.- 23.09.2009), Poster
Electroceramics - IWPMA &
ISE 2009, Jeju, Korea (09.-
Stockmann, J.
Verbindungstechnik
Hamburg, Germany, (29.06.-
Ziesche, S.; Michaelis, A.
03.07.2009), DVD, Poster
Measurement of chemical
diffusion coefficient, sur-
Wätzig, K.
face exchange and per-
Springer, A.; Potthoff, A.;
Transparente MgAl2O4-Ke-
meation of La2(Ni1-xCux)O4+d
Richter, V.
ramik durch reaktives Sin-
Das INOS »Virtuelle Labor«
tern aus MgO und Al2O3
rence on Solid State Ionics,
für Partikelsicherheit und
«AdvanCer«, Block III: Kon-
Toronto, Canada
-beratung
verhalten, Freiburg
Witzleben, A.von; Moritz, T.
Zins, M.
2-K-Keramikspritzgießen -
Anwendungen und Liefe-
Anforderungen an die
ranten keramischer Hoch-
Toma, F.-L.; Stahr, C.C.;
Feedstockentwicklung
leistungskomponenten
Stelter, M.
Berger, L.-M.; Herrmann, M.;
Symposium - Plastische und
SOFC Systeme für Biogas-
Deska, D.; Michael, G.
thermoplastische Formge-
anwendung
Corrosion of APS- and
bung, Erlangen
HVOF-sprayed coatings of
gie-Roadmapping D A CH«
the Al2O3-TiO2 system
International Thermal Spray
Wollenberg, S.;
Presentation
Conference - ITSC, Las Vegas,
Mayer-Uhma, T.; Völkel, L.;
dungen, Dresden
Nevada, USA (04.-07.05.09),
Böhme, R.; Kinski, I.
CD, S.673-678, Presentation
Screening of silver inks for
(18./19.03.2009), Poster
Stelter, M.; Heddrich, M.;
Jahn, M.; Pfeifer, T.; Näke, R.
photovoltaic applications
Zins, M.
Robust control of SOFC sys-
Thomas, S.; Schotte, E.; Herr-
24th European Photovoltaic
tems - A paradigm shift
mann, A.; He, L.; Sundmacher,
Solar Energy Conference and
werkstoffe: Einsatzberei-
100
che, Entwicklungstrends
Teaching activities of IKTS
Prof. Dr. Michaelis, A.
Dr. Rebenklau, L.
DKG-Fortbildungsseminar -
employees
Lecture und Praktikum
Vorlesung »Dickschichttech-
Keramische Werkstoffe
nik« und »Multilayerkeramik«
Formteile, Dresden
Dr. Fries, M.
TU Dresden, Institut für
in der Vorlesung von Prof. Mi-
Lecture
Werkstoffwissenschaft
chaelis »Funktionskeramik«
Pulveraufbereitung und -kon-
(WS08/09; WS09/10)
Zins, M.
fektionierung im Rahmen der
Keramische Komponenten
Lehrveranstaltung »Kerami-
Prof. Dr. Michaelis, A.;
als Schlüssel für Innovatio-
sche Werkstoffe« (13.11.2009)
Dr. Schönecker, A.;
Dr. Richter, V.;
Dr. Kusnezoff, M.;
Dr. Moseley, S.
nen von und für die Kera-
Werkstoffwissenschaft (SS09)
mische Industrie
Dr. habil. Herrmann, M.
Dr. Stelter, M.; Dr. Partsch, U.
Entwicklung des Lernmoduls
Symposium Hochleistungske-
Lecture
Lecture
III: »Hartmetalle/Cermets« des
ramik, Aachen
Principles of ceramic processing
Keramische Funktionswerk-
mehrsprachigen
University of Witwatersrand,
stoffe
Internet-Lehrgangs »Design
Johannesburg, Südafrika
for PM« der EPMA (online seit
(10/2009)
Werkstoffwissenschaft (SS09)
2008), epma.autotrain.org
raw material and processing
Dipl.-Ing. Höhn, S.
Prof. Dr. Michaelis, A.;
Dr. Stelter, M.
Workshop KACST, Advanced
Lecture
Dr. Zins, M.
Lecture
Materials and Building Systems,
Keramografie
Keramik: Ein faszinierender
Wirtschaftlichkeit von Brenn-
Riyadh (18.03.2009), Presen-
Im Rahmen der Lehrveranstal-
Werkstoff für Alltag und
stoffzellensystemen
tation
tung »Metallografie«
»High-Tech«
Masterstudiengang »Wasser-
TU Dresden, Institut für Werk-
1. Materialforschungstournee
stofftechnik«
stoffwissenschaft (12.01.2009)
des MFD, Ringvorlesung des
Dresden International Univer-
Materialforschungsverbundes
sity (SS09)
Zins, M.
Research trends in basic and
Zins, M.
Systemvorteile durch keramische Komponenten in
Dr. Jahn, M.
Dresden MFD für das STUDIUM
der Wind- und Energie-
Lecture
GENERALE an der TU Dresden,
Dr. Zins, M.
technik
Chemische Verfahrenstech-
Dresden (16.12.2009)
Lecture
Suppliers Convention, Han-
nik/Reaktionstechnik
noverMesse, (23.04.2009),
HTW Dresden, Chemieinge-
Dr. Rebenklau, L.
stoffe − Technische Keramik
Presentation
nieurwesen (WS08/09)
Kapitel: »Technologien der
als Leichtbaustoff
Dickschichttechnik« in der Vor-
TU Dresden, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft (WS09/10)
NE-Metalle / Keramik / Kunst-
Zins, M.
Dr. Lenk, R.
lesungsreihe »Hybridtechnik«
Technical Ceramics - Inno-
Lecture
TU Dresden, Fakultät Elektro-
vation from and for the ce-
Formgebung Technische Ke-
technik und Informations-
ramics industry
ramik
technik (WS09/10)
CERAMITEC Forum, München,
FH Höhr-Grenzhausen, Dres-
den (05.06.2009)
101
TEACHING ACTIVITIES OF IKTS
EMPLOYEES,
PA R T I C I PAT I O N I N B O D I E S /
TECHNICAL COMMITTEES
Participation in bodies/
der Westsächsischen Hoch-
Dr. Gestrich, T.
tungskeramik »AdvanCer«
technical committees
schule Zwickau
- Gemeinschaftsausschuss
Geschäftsstelle
Bodies
- Dresdner Gesprächskreis
Pulvermetallurgie, Experten-
- Gutachter NanoChem, BMBF
kreis Sintern
- Mitglied Gutachterausschuss
- Sprecher European Network
»Interne Programme« der
Dr. Jaenicke-Rößler, K.
- Mitglied World Academy of
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
- GEFTA-Arbeitskreis Thermo-
Ceramics (WAC)
physik
- DKG-Vorstandsmitglied
Dr. Beckert, W.
- DGM/DKG-Gemeinschafts-
- Fraunhofer-Allianz »Numeri-
ausschuss Hochleistungske-
sche Simulation von Produk-
ramik – Arbeitskreis
ten und Prozessen« NUSIM
Koordinierung
- DGM/DKG-Gemeinschaftsausschuss Hochleistungskeramik – Arbeitskreis
Funktionskeramik, Leitung
- DECHEMA – Arbeitsausschuss Angewandte Anorganische Chemie
- Sprecher Fraunhofer-Allianz
Hochleistungskeramik
- AGEF-Arbeitsgemeinschaft
Elektrochemischer Forschungsinstitutionen e.V.
- DPG – Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft
- Mitglied Institutsrat des
IfWW, TU Dresden
- GEFTA-Arbeitskreis Messunsicherheit von Thermodilatometern
- DKG-Fachausschuss 10
»Umwelttechnik«, Vorsitz
- VDI/GVC-Fachausschuss
Partikelmesstechnik
Abfallwirtschaft und Wert-
- DKG-Arbeitskreisverstärkung keramischer Stoffe
- DIN Normenausschuss Ma-
generative Energien
- Arbeitskreis Granulometrie
im Dresdner Bezirksverein der
gruppe Sachsen/Thüringen
behandlung
- Vereinsmitglied FZ Rossendorf
- Energieprojekt – Biogas (NL)
- Aufsichtsratsmitglied Fa.
- Fachverband Biogas
COST action MP0701 »Nanocomposite Materials«
- DECHEMA-Fachausschuss
- ENMAT - European Network
of Materials Research Institutes
- DKG-Expertenkreis Keramikspritzguss
Nake, K.
grity Society Technical Com-
- DGM-Arbeitskreis Härteprü-
mittee 6 (Technical ceramics)
fung und AWT – Fachausschuss FA-12
Dr. Krell, A.
- Associate Editor des »Journal of the American Ceramic Society«
VDI-Arbeitsgruppe Landes- DWA-Fachkreis Schlamm-
tres (ENMat)
- Management Committee of
terialprüfung NMP 291
- European Structural Inte-
stoffrückgewinnung
- VDI/GET-Fachausschuss Re-
of Materials Research Cen-
Nanotechnologie
Dr. Klemm, H.
Dr. Friedrich, H.
Dr. Moritz, T.
Dr. Nebelung, M.
Agglomerations- und
Schüttguttechnik
Kunath, R.
- ADI Arbeitskreis Dresdner
Informationsvermittler e.V.
- Arbeitskreis Spezialbibliotheken
Roth & Rau
Trocknungstechnik
- DKG-Fachausschuss Verfahrenstechnik
- DGM/DKG-Arbeitskreis Verarbeitungseigenschaften
- AiF Wissenschaftlicher Rat
Dr. Fries, M.
Dr. Lenk, R.
synthetischer keramischer
- Vorstand Solarvalley Mittel-
- DGM/DKG-Arbeitskreis Ver-
- DKG-Expertenkreis Kera-
Rohstoffe, Leiter (bis 09/2009)
deutschland e.V.
- Beirat Arbeitskreis Photovoltaik Silicon Saxony
- Mitglied des Hochschulrates
102
arbeitungseigenschaften
mikspritzguss, Vorstands-
synthetischer keramischer
vorsitzender
Rohstoffe, Leiter (ab 09/2009)
- Fraunhofer-Allianz Hochleis-
Dr. Potthoff, A.
- DGM/DKG-Arbeitskreis Prozessbegleitende Prüfverfahren
- DECHEMA/VCI-Arbeitskreis
»Responsible Production
and Use of Nanomaterials«
Dr. Schönecker, A.
Technical committees at
Pulvermetallurgie), Hagen
- Beirat der Smart Material
symposia and meetings
(26./27.11.2009)
GmbH Dresden
- Fraunhofer-Allianz »Nanotechnologie«
Dr. Siegel, S.
- Fachausschuss Qualität der
Dr. Rebenklau, L.
DKG
- GMM Fachausschuss Fachausschuss 5.5 »Aufbau- und
Dr. Stelter, M.
Verbindungstechnik« VDI/VDE
- Brennstoffzellen Initiative
– Ges. für Mikroelektronik,
Mikro- und Feinwerktechnik
Sachsen e.V., Vorstand
- Verband deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbauer
Dr. Herrmann, M.
- Vorbereitungskomitee
- DKG-Fortbildungsseminar
DECHEMA-Diskussionstagung
»Entbinderung keramischer
»Anorg.-Technische Chemie«,
Formteile«, IKTS Dresden
Frankfurt/Main (2009)
(29./30.10.2009)
- Materialforschungstag des
MFD, Dresden (Nov/Dez 2009)
- DGM/DKG-Symposium HLK
2009, Aachen (25./26.03.2009)
Dr. Lenk, R.
- Vorsitz DKG-Symposium
»Plastische und Thermo-
- INSECT 2009: International
plastische Formgebung«,
Dr. Richter, H.-J.
VDMA-Arbeitsgruppe
Symposium on Electroche-
Erlangen (01./02.12.2009)
- DGM/DKG-Gemeinschafts-
Brennstoffzellen, Arbeits-
mical Machining Techno-
kreis Industrienetzwerk
logy (26./27.11.2009)
- Vision Keramik 2010,
ausschuss Hochleistungskeramik, Arbeitskreis
Keramische Membranen
- DGM/DKG-Gemeinschaftsausschuss Hochleistungske-
Thiele, S.
- GTS-Gemeinschaft Thermisches Spritzen e.V.
ramik, Arbeitskreis
Biokeramik
Dr. Zins, M.
- DKG-Koordinierungsgruppe
Dr. Richter, V.
- DECHEMA/VCI Arbeitskreis
»Responsible Production
and Use of Nanomaterials«
- Fraunhofer-Allianz »Nanotechnologie«
- EPMA-Arbeitskreis »Euro-
Strukturwerkstoffe Fachausschüsse
- Fachausschuss Pulvermetallurgie
- DKG-Fachausschuss Keramikanwendungen
- Deutsche Messe AG, Fach-
pean Hard Materials Group«
messebeirat Industrial Supply
- VDI Fachausschuss Schneid-
- Messe München, Fachbeirat
stoffanwendung
- Gemeinschaftsausschuss
Hermsdorf (10.01.2010)
- APNFM 2010 – Advanced
Pulvermetallurgie Experten-
wendungstechnik Keramik,
kreis »Sintern«
RWTH Aaachen, Vorstand
gramm des FraunhoferDemonstrationszentrums
Processing for Novel Functio-
»AdvanCer«, Block I: Her-
nal Materials, Dresden
stellung, Eigenschaften, An-
- DGM/DKG-Symposium HLK
2010, Hermsdorf (03.2010)
wendungen, IKTS Dresden
(11./12.03.2009)
- Vorbereitungskomitee
DECHEMA-Diskussionstagung
Dr. Nebelung, M.;
»Anorg.-Technische Chemie«,
Dr. Fries, M.
Frankfurt/Main (2010)
- Programm-Organisator 14.
- MSE 2010: Materials Sci-
DKG-Fortbildungsseminar
ence and Engineering,
»Technologische Grundla-
Darmstadt (2010)
gen der Granulierung und
- MATERIALICA Keramik
Kongress, München (2010)
Granulatverarbeitung«,
IKTS Dresden/TU Dresden
(23./24.04.2009)
Ceramitec
- Institut für Prozess- und An-
- Programm-Organisator
Dr. Gestrich, T.
- Programmausschuss 28.
Hagener Symposium Pulver-
- Industrietag »Sprühtrocknung
in der Pulvertechnologie«, IKTS
Dresden (07./08.09.2009)
metallurgie (Energie- und
Ressourceneffizienz durch
103
PA R T I C I PAT I O N I N B O D I E S /
TECHNICAL COMMITTEES,
D I S S E R TAT I O N S ,
DIPLOMA THESES
Dr. Richter, V.
Dissertation 2009
Bouché, Martin
Eilers, Jenny
- Mitwirkung bei der Vorberei-
IKTS Dresden – TU Dresden,
Katalytische Refomierung von
Entwicklung neuer Nanokom-
tung »3. Symposium Nano-
Fakultät Mathematik und Na-
Methan für den Einsatz in
posit-Hartstoffschichten mit-
technology and Toxicology in
turwissenschaften
einem SOFC-System
tels chemischer Gasphasen-
Environment and Health«,
Leipzig (18./19.03.2009)
- Chairman der Sitzung GT 1
Diplomarbeit 2009
abscheidung (CVD)
Megel, Stefan
Diplomarbeit 2009
Kathodische Kontaktierung in
Fakultät für Maschinenwesen
IKTS Dresden – OvGU Magde-
»P/M Technologies for Hard
planaren Hochtemperatur-
Materials«, Reutte (26.05.2009)
Brennstoffzellen
Brandt, Kristina
Dissertation 2009
Experimentelle Untersuchun-
Dr. Schönecker, A.
gen des Liquidus im System
Füssel, Alexander
- Konferenz-Organisator ISPA
Fakultät Maschinenwesen
SiC-Al2O3-Y2O3
Herstellung und Charakerisie-
burg, Fakultät der Verfahrensund Systemtechnik
Diplomarbeit 2009
rung von Anpassschichten
sium on Piezocomposite Ap-
Mosch, Sindy
IKTS Dresden – TU Bergaka-
auf Polymer-Basis gefüllt mit
plications (24./25.09.2009)
Untersuchung der Zusam-
demie Freiberg, Fakultät für
keramischen Pulvern/Granula-
menhänge zwischen den Ma-
Geowissenschaften, Geotech-
ten für medizinische Ultra-
Dr. Schneider, M.
terialeigenschaften der
nik und Bergbau
schallwandler
- Konferenz-Organisator IN-
Elektroden und der elektro-
2009: International Sympo-
Diplomarbeit 2009
SECT 2009: International
chemischen Aktivität der
Castillo Meza, Luis Eduardo
Symposium on Electroche-
MEAs für die SOFC
Laboratory studies on long
Fakultät Maschinenwesen, In-
mical Machining Techno-
Dissertation 2009
term stability of different pro-
stitut für Werkstoffwissen-
logy (26./27.11.2009)
cess variants of the manure
schaft
free fermentation of corn silage
Dr. Zins, M.
- Programm-Organisator
1. Tag der Technischen Kera-
Diploma theses
mik und Pulvertechnologie,
Masterarbeit 2009
Geier, Manja
IKTS Dresden – Universität
Werkstoff- und Technologie-
Stuttgart, Fakultät Energie,
entwicklung zur Optimierung
Verfahrens- und Biotechnik
der Dickschicht-basierten
Fachteil Technische Kera-
Beyer, Kathrin
mik, CERAMITEC 2009
Korrelationen zwischen Ge-
Conze, Susan
Si-basierten Solarzellen
füge und Hochtemperatur-
Abscheidung von Siliciumcar-
Diplomarbeit 2009
festigkeiten von hexagonalen
bid-Schichten über Spin-
Bornitrid-Werkstoffen
Coating Verfahren
Fakultät für Maschinenwesen
Dissertations
Frontseitenmetallisierung von
Diplomarbeit 2009
Diplomarbeit 2009
Höhn, Mandy
IKTS Dresden – TU Dresden, Fa-
Kaden, Conrad
Chemische, werkstoffwissen-
kultät Maschinenwesen, Insti-
Fakultät Mathematik und
Betriebsverhalten eines SOFC-Sys-
schaftliche und technologi-
tut für Werkstoffwissenschaft
Naturwissenschaften
tems auf Erd- bzw. Biogasbasis
sche Untersuchungen an
Diplomarbeit 2009
chromhaltigen CVD-Schichten
104
Fakultät für Maschinenwesen,
den, Fakultät Chemieinge-
Diplomarbeit 2009
Thiele, Maik
Institut für Energietechnik
nieurwesen
IKTS Dresden – FH Gießen-
Entwicklung von Kohlenstoff-
Friedberg, Fakultät für Ma-
werkstoffen auf der Basis von
Kaiser, Daniel
Müller, Axel
schinenbau, Mikrotechnik,
Kohlenstoffnanoröhren
Untersuchung zu Entmi-
Energie- und Wärmetechnik
Diplomarbeit 2009
gen und Wirkungsgradver-
schungserscheinungen beim
gleichsbetrachtungen an
Zwei-Komponenten-Spritzgie-
Schreiter, Iris
einem mit Erdgas gespeisten
ßen keramischer Feedstocks
Untersuchungen zur Herstel-
m-KWK-SOFC-System
Diplomarbeit 2009
lung von ZrO2-Folien mit was-
Vervacke, Céline
Diplomarbeit 2009
serbasierten Bindersystemen
Entwicklung und Charakteri-
IKTS Dresden – FH Gießen-
Fakultät für Maschinenwe-
sowie zum Tiefsetzen und
sierung einer Metallisierungs-
Friedberg, Fakultät für Ma-
sen, Institut für Leichtbau
Prägen dieser Folien
paste für die
schinenbau, Mikrotechnik,
und Kunststofftechnik
Diplomarbeit 2009
Heterojunction-Solarzelle
IKTS Dresden – TU Dresden, Fa-
Diplomarbeit 2009
Energie- und Wärmetechnik
IKTS Dresden – TU Berlin,
Fachgebiet Mineralogie
Nösel, Martin
kultät Maschinenwesen, Insti-
Keller, Kevin
Einfluss der Herstellungsbe-
tut für Werkstoffwissenschaft
Fakultät Mathematik und Na-
Herstellung, Gefüge und Ei-
dingungen auf die thermo-
genschaften von cBN-TiC1-
elektrischen Eigenschaften
Schroth, Marlene
xNx Kompositwerkstoffen
von Titansuboxidmaterialien
Einfluss des Energieeintrages
Walther, Anita
Diplomarbeit 2009
Diplomarbeit 2009
auf die elektrosterische Stabi-
Entwicklung von Verfahren
lisierung hochkonzentrierter
zur Rezyklierung von Bautei-
demie Freiberg, Fakultät für
Böhmit-Suspensionen
len und Materialien in Hoch-
Geowissenschaften, Geotechnik und Bergbau
turwissenschaften
Diplomarbeit 2009
temperatur-Brennstoffzellen
Roch, Mariana
IKTS Dresden – HTW Dresden,
(SOFC)
Fachbereich Maschinenbau/
Diplomarbeit 2009
Kramer, Dörte
gen zum Einsatz von Katalysa-
Verfahrenstechnik
IKTS Dresden – HTW Dres-
Entwicklung einer Al2O3-Folie
toren bei der Nachverbrennung
für die keramische Multilayer-
von Brennstoffzellenabgas
Schulze, René
technologie
Diplomarbeit 2009
Untersuchungen zum Betriebs-
Diplomarbeit 2009
verhalten eines Schwamm-
den, Fakultät Chemieinge-
keramik-Brenners mit hoher
demie Freiberg
nieurwesen
Leistungsmodulation
Mrosek, Mathias
Schlereth, Lukas
IKTS Dresden – WHZ Zwickau,
Untersuchung zur Texturie-
Fakultät für Physikalische Tech-
rung von PZT-Keramiken
gen an einem Brennwertheiz-
nik, Institut für Umwelttechnik
Diplomarbeit 2009
gerät mit
Schwammkeramikeinsatz
den, Fachbereich Maschinenbau/Verfahrenstechnik
Diplomarbeit 2009
105
1
2
EXHIBITIONS
2008-2009
The Dresden artist Moritz Renner showed a documentation of
Jochen Rohde is inspired by the colors of the sun spectrum
the continuous change from industrial height to recapture by
and realizes the intention of “color contino“ in paintings.
nature in his exhibition “City – Dilapidation – Wildness;
brown-field sites in and around Dresden“.
Grit Michael
For a moment, time seems to be standing still and allows the
viewer to be a witness of this change. The paintings of Moritz
Renner show the beauty of the dilapidation of brown-field
sites which are recaptured by nature.
In his oil paintings the artist successfully draws attention to the
engineering performance and the excellent architecture of
past industrial culture as well as their integration into newly
emerging countrysides.
The artist provides a good contrast to these paintings by
means of his portrait of modern architecture showing our institute building. It has changed during the past years as it was
continuously extended. He captures the current appearance of
the building in his artwork which can be visited at Fraunhofer
IKTS soon.
A leap forward in time on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of Goethe’s and Runge’s theory of colors was made in the
exhibition “Photography – Sense – Thesis“ by Manara Grund
and Jochen Rohde which was embedded in the program
“color contino“ with the TU Dresden, ALTANAGalerie and the
SLUB Book Museum.
1 Jochen Rohde 2003: Chakra
Similar to Moritz Renner, for Manara Grund space and time
portrait Con moto. Acryl, mixing
are coordinates for meeting the moment which are captured
technique.
in colored structures in her photographs.
2 Moritz Renner 2009: Portrait
of IKTS. Oil.
106
EVENTS / TRADE FAIRS 2010
Conferences
Colloquium and Industrial
Solarvally International −
Seminars of the Fraunho-
Sensor + Test
Kick-Off Event
fer Demonstration Center
Nuremberg, May 18-20,
March 25, 2010
AdvanCer
2010
Exhibition
“Ceramics Vision“
Contact: Dr. Reinhard Lenk
DKG continuing seminars
+49 351 2553-539
Technological fundamen-
Advanced ceramic materials:
DKG Annual Meeting and
tals of granulation and
Materials, technology
IFAT
Symposium
granule processing
Dresden, March 10-11, 2010
Munich, September 13-17,
March 22-24, 2010
April 22-23, 2010
January 22, 2010
SMT/HYBRID/PACKAGING
Nuremberg, June 8-10, 2009
2010
Contact: Dr. Manfred Fries
Machining
+49 351 2553-810
Berlin, May 5-6, 2010
Events
Biotechnica
Hanover, October 5-7, 2010
Spray drying of ceramic
Construction, testing
Junior Doctor 2010
suspensions
Freiburg, November 11-12,
Euro PM
January 26, 2010
September 8-10, 2010
2010
Florence, October 10-14,
2010
Contact: Dr. Manfred Fries
Long Night of Sciences
+49 351 2553-810
Participation in trade fairs
June 18, 2010
Contact: Katrin Schwarz
Thermoplastic shape-for-
+49 351 2553-720
ming of advanced ceramics
Solar Energy
– technology and training
Berlin, February 16-20, 2010
Electronica
Munich, November 9-12,
2010
Fraunhofer Talent School
October 6-7, 2010
November 5-7, 2010
Contact: Dr. Reinhard Lenk
Nanotech
Hagen, November 25-26,
Contact: Katrin Schwarz
+49 351 2553-539
Tokyo, February 17-19, 2010
2010
Debinding of ceramic bo-
Hannover Messe
EuroMold
dies
Hanover, April 19-23, 2010
Frankfurt a. M., December
Hagen Symposium
+49 351 2553-720
Seminars / Workshops
October 28-29, 2010
1-4, 2010
Contact: Dr. Mathias Herr-
POWTECH
Solar Heat – Heat, Cold,
mann
Nuremberg, April 27-29,
Power
+49 351 2553-527
2010
March 24, 2010
107
INFORMATION
SERVICE
Mailing address
I would like to receive:
Fraunhofer Institute
2009 Annual Report
for Ceramic Technologies and Systems
German
English
Press and Public Relations
Katrin Schwarz
Brochure
A profile of the Fraunhofer IKTS
German
Phone
+49 351 2553-720
Fax
+49 351 2554-114
English
Research field Materials
German
English
Research field Processes/Components
German
Information material
English
Research field Sintering/Characterization
German
English
If you would like to receive information about a subject, place
an “X“ in the corresponding box and mail or fax a copy of this
and/or the previous page to the address given above
Research field Environmental Engineering and Bioenergy
German
English
Research field Microsystems and Energy Systems
Surname, first name
Company
German
English
Research field Smart Materials and Systems
German
English
Address
Fraunhofer Alliance for Innovations in Ceramics
ZIP code/city
Phone
Fax
Date, signature
108
German
English
HOW TO REACH US
How to reach us
By car
- At the three-way highway intersection “Dresden West“ exit
Autobahn A4 onto Autobahn A17 in direction “Prag“ (Prague)
- Exit at “Dresden Prohlis“ (Exit 4)
- Continue 2 km along the secondary road in direction “Zentrum“ (City Center)
- At the end of the secondary road (Kaufmarkt store will be
on the right side), go through light and continue straight
ahead along Langer Weg in direction “Prohlis“ (IHK)
- After 1 km, turn left onto Mügelner Strasse
- Turn right at the next traffic light onto Moränenende
- Continue under the train tracks and turn left at next traffic
light onto Breitscheidstrasse
- Continue 3 km (the road name will change to An der Rennbahn and then to Winterbergstrasse)
- Fraunhofer IKTS is on the left side of the road (Winterbergstrasse 28) across from the NETTO grocery store
By air plane
By railway and tram
- From Airport Dresden-Klotzsche take a taxi to Winterbergstrasse 28 (distance is approximately 7 miles or 10 km)
- From Dresden main railway station take train S1 (direction
Bad Schandau) or train S2 (direction Pirna) to stop “Haltepunkt Strehlen“
- Change to bus line 61 (direction Weissig) or 85 (direction
- Or use suburban train S2 (underground train station) to stop
“Haltepunkt Strehlen“
- Change to bus line 61 (direction Weissig) or 85 (direction
Striesen) and exit at “Grunaer Weg“
Striesen) and exit at “Grunaer Weg“
109
EDITORIAL NOTES
Editorial team / Layout
Institute address
Katrin Schwarz
Fraunhofer Institute for
Peter Peuker
Ceramic Technologies and Systems
Andrea Gaal
IKTS Dresden
Susanne Freund
Rita Kunath
Phone
+49 351 2553-700
Printing
Fax
+49 351 2553-600
ELBTAL Druckerei & Kartonagen Kahle GmbH
Hermsdorf branch of the institute (effective from February 2010)
Michael-Faraday-Strasse 1
07629 Hermsdorf, Germany
Photo acknowledgments
Phone
+49 36601 9301-0
Fax
+49 36601 9301-3921
Photographer Jürgen Lösel
Foto Wachs Dresden
Photographer Franziska Pilz
Fraunhofer IKTS, Dresden
Press and public relations
Dipl.-Chem. Katrin Schwarz
Phone
+49 351 2553-720
katrin.schwarz@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Reprints permitted only upon express authorization by
editorial team.
© Fraunhofer IKTS, Dresden 06/2010
110

annual report - Fraunhofer IKTS - Fraunhofer

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